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Anatomy stack 2

QuestionAnswer
What is the primary function of neurons? To transmit electrical signals (action potentials) throughout the nervous system.
Name the three main types of neurons. Sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), and interneurons.
Which glial cell forms myelin in the central nervous system? Oligodendrocytes.
Which glial cell forms myelin in the peripheral nervous system? Schwann cells.
What is the function of astrocytes? Support neurons, maintain the blood–brain barrier, and regulate extracellular ion balance.
What are the main components of the CNS? Brain and spinal cord.
What are the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system? Sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest).
Which cranial nerve is responsible for parasympathetic innervation of thoracic and abdominal organs? Vagus nerve (CN X).
Which type of neuron carries signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles? Somatic motor neurons.
What structure in the inner ear detects linear acceleration? Utricle and saccule (vestibular system).
Name the hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium balance. Aldosterone.
Which endocrine gland is located in the brain and controls the pituitary gland? Hypothalamus.
Which photoreceptor is responsible for color vision? Cones.
Which layer of the heart wall contains cardiac muscle? Myocardium.
Name the sequence of blood flow through the heart starting from the vena cava. Right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve → aorta.
Which type of blood cell transports oxygen? Erythrocytes (red blood cells).
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system? Return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream, absorb dietary fats, and support immune function.
Which lymphocyte is responsible for cell-mediated immunity? T lymphocytes (T cells).
Which organ is the site of T cell maturation? Thymus.
What is the functional unit of the lung where gas exchange occurs? Alveolus.
Name the digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach. Pepsin.
Which structure connects the pharynx to the stomach? Esophagus.
Where does lipid absorption mainly occur? Small intestine (via lacteals and chylomicrons).
What is the primary function of the large intestine? Absorb water and electrolytes, forming feces.
Created by: Harriet Afriyie
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