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Shamim
This studystack covers week 6 to 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the main functional cell of the nervous system, and what is its primary job? | The main functional cell is the neuron, and its primary job is to receive, process, and transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the body. |
| What is the purpose of myelin, and which cells form it in the CNS vs. PNS? | Myelin insulates axons and speeds up nerve impulse conduction. In the CNS it is formed by oligodendrocytes, and in the PNS it is formed by Schwann cells. |
| What structures make up the central nervous system (CNS), and what is its main function? | The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and it processes and integrates information, then sends out responses. |
| What is the main difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system? | The sympathetic division activates “fight or flight” responses (increasing heart rate, dilating pupils), whereas the parasympathetic division promotes “rest and digest” functions (slowing heart rate, stimulating digestion). |
| Which part of the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina, and which cells detect that light? | The lens and cornea help focus light onto the retina, and photoreceptors called rods and cones in the retina detect that light. |
| How do endocrine glands send messages in the body, and how is this different from the nervous system? | Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream to act on distant target organs, producing slower but longer-lasting effects than the nervous system, which uses rapid electrical impulses and neurotransmitters. |
| What is the main function of the left ventricle of the heart? | The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta and out to the systemic circulation (the rest of the body). |
| What are the three main formed elements of blood and their basic functions? | Red blood cells (transport oxygen), white blood cells (immune defense), and platelets (blood clotting). |
| What is the main function of the lymphatic system? | The lymphatic system returns excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream, absorbs fats from the digestive tract, and helps filter pathogens through lymph nodes. |
| How do the immune and respiratory systems work together to protect the body? | The respiratory system filters and traps particles in mucus and cilia, while immune cells (like macrophages in the lungs and lymphocytes in nearby lymph nodes) identify and destroy pathogens that enter through inhaled air. |
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