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Bio
Unit 06-Meiosis,Basic Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the term for when chromosomes exchange genetic material? | crossing over |
| Term for any other cell but a reproductive cell (like a skin cell)? | somatic cell |
| In Mendel’s experiment, what was the F2 generation phenotype ratio? | 3 purple:1 white |
| What law shows that two different characteristics separate out randomly when making gametes | law of independent assortment |
| What are the 3 ways to get genetic variation through meiosis? | -crossing over -independent assortment -random fertilization |
| What form of asexual reproduction do prokaryotic organisms do? | binary fission |
| In humans the first 22 pairs are called what? | autosomes |
| In what stage does independent assortment occur? | metaphase I |
| Cross a homozygous dominant with a homozygous recessive. What are the genotypes? | 4 Gg |
| Term for study of heredity? | genetics |
| What are the 3 reasons DNA is important? | protein production, directs cell activity, determines traits |
| Term for a photo of chromosomes in a dividing cell, arranged by size, that can determine chromosomal abnormalities? | karyotype |
| What is the term for meiosis in males? | spermatogenesis |
| In Mendel’s experiment, what was the P generation using flower color? | truebreeds of purple and white |
| Term for when you have two identical alleles for a gene? give an example in letter form. | homozygous – TT or tt |
| Cross a heterozygous with a heterozygous. What are the genotypes? (use G/g) | GG:2Gg:gg |
| A reproductive cell is haploid or diploid? | haploid |
| What are chromosomes/chromatin composed of? | DNA and protein |
| What type of cell, and how many cells, do we get after telephase I? | 2 cells, haploid |
| What are the two most important purposes of the process of meiosis? | -to half the number of chromosomes -to create genetic variation |
| Term for a trait that hides another trait? give an example in letter form. | dominant - T |
| Term for passing of traits from parents to offspring? | heredity |
| What are the 3 forms of asexual reproduction? | -binary fission -fragmentation -budding |
| What is the term for when the two chromosomes (a pair) are close together? | tetrad |
| Term for segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein? | gene |
| Term for a set of alleles? | genotype |
| In Mendel’s experiment, what was the F1 generation phenotype? | all purple |
| In what stage in meiosis do sister chromatids line up along the equator? | metaphase II |
| If a human has an XX for their sex chromosomes, are they male or female? | female |
| A somatic cell is haploid or diploid? | diploid |
| What is the term for meiosis in females? | oogenesis |
| What is main disadvantage of asexual reproduction? | no genetic variation |
| Term for when you have two different alleles for a gene? give an example in letter form. | heterozygous Tt |
| Term for different versions of a gene (like purple and white flower color) | allele |
| How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do humans have? | 23 pairs (46 chromosomes) |
| In what stage does the tetrads line up in the middle? | metaphase I |
| What type of cell, and how many cells, do we get after telephase II? | 4 cells, haploid |
| If a human has an XY for their sex chromosomes, are they male or female? | male |
| Name 3 reasons why Mendel used pea plants for genetic study? | -traits are observable -can self fertilize -small, grows quickly |
| Term for the physical appearance? | phenotype |
| What is a general term for a reproductive cell? | gamete |
| In what stage does crossing over occur? | prophase I |
| In what stage do the tetrads move apart to opposite poles? | anaphase I |
| In humans the 23rd pair is called what? | sex chromosomes |
| Term for a trait that is hidden? give an example in letter form. | recessive – t |
| In a dihybrid cross: B=black/b=brown, T=trotter/t=pacer If parent 1 is hetero black and a pacer: If parent 2 is brown and a hetero trotter: Give the 2 parent genotypes: | parent 1:Bbtt parent 2:bbTt |
| Same cross: In a dihybrid cross: B=black/b=brown, T=trotter/t=pacer If parent 1 is hetero black and a pacer: If parent 2 is brown and a hetero trotter: Determine the parent genotypes. Then determine the gametes for both? Then determine the phenotypes? | parent 1:Bbtt parent 2:bbTt gamete: Bt, Bt, bt, bt gamete: bT, bt, bT, bt phenotypes: 4 for each type |
| What is the term for when chromatids don't separate correctly? | nondisjunction |
| What is the general term for when there are 3 copies of a chromosome? | trisomy |
Created by:
thompsondk
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