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Fundamentals
RN
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hypervolemia symptoms | elevated BP, bounding pulse, JVD, edema, SOB/crackles, S3 heart sounds, urine specification < 1.010 |
| hypovolemia symptoms | decreased BP, tachycardia/weak pulse, decreased urinary output, poor skin turgor, restlessness/confusion, dry mucous membranes thirst |
| hypernatremia symptoms | > 145 mEq/L -- tachycardia, increased BP, thirst, oliguria, restlessness, anxiety, edema |
| Hyponatremia symptoms | < 135 mEq/L -- tachycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, nausea, vomiting, oliguria, reslessness, headache, dizziness, weakness, seizures |
| hyperkalemia symptoms | > 5.0 mEq/L -- v-fib, T wave elevation, prolong PR, flat P wave, wide QRS, abdominal cramps, oliguria, numbness, tingling, cardiac arrest |
| hypokalemia symptoms | < 3.5 mEq/L -- hypotension, arrhythmias, flattened T wave, ST depression, nausea, vomiting, decreased peristalsis, polyuria, dizziness, weakness, decreased relfexes |
| Hypercalcemia symptoms | > 10 mEq/L -- increased BP, heart block/ kidney stones, confusion, irritability, bone pain |
| Hypocalcemia symptoms | < 8.5 mEq/L -- arrhythmias, bradycardia, hypotension, weak pulse, paresthesia, muscle spasms, positive Trousseau's sign, positive Chvostek's sign |
| Hypermagnesemia symptoms | > 2.1 mEq/L -- hypotension, bradycardia, weak pulse, dyspnea, low RR, confusion, muscle weakness, decreased reflexes |
| Hypomagnesemia symptoms | < 1.3 mEq/L -- arrhythmias, tachycardia, high BP, tetany, positive Chvostek's sign, positive Trousseau's sign |
| isotonic solutions | osmotic pressure is teh same inside and outside the cell. |
| Hypertonic solutions | osmotic pressure draws water out of the cell into the ECF (highly concentrated) -- monitor for hypervolemia |
| Hypotonic solutions | osmotic pressure draws water into the cell (into ICF) (diluted) -- monitor for hypovolemia |
| Pheblitis | inflammation of the vein |
| Hematoma | collection/pooling of blood outside the blood vessel |
| Thrombopheblitis | clots in the veins |
| SPO2 normal value for COPD patient | 88% - 92% |
| Hemostasis phase of wound healing | first phase of wound healing. Begins at onset of injury. Goal is to stop bleeding. Body activates thrombin, platelets (emergency repair system). |
| Inflammatory phase of wound healing | second phase of wound healing. Coagulation and WBC activation. |
| Proliferative phase of wound healing. | third phase of wound |
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