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Homeostasis

Topic 17

QuestionAnswer
What is homeostasis? The maintenance of the internal environment of an organism by use of negative feedback to remain around the optimum level despite environmental changes
Name examples of systems which help maintain homeostasis Cardiovascular - Heart rate and blood pressure Pancreas - Blood glucose concentration Kidney - Water levels
How does having a stable pH and temperature affect enzyme activity? Ensures that enzymes are always performing at their optimum capabilities - rate of activity is highest possible
Why is it important to maintain a stable blood glucose concentration? Ensures that there is glucose available for glycolysis in aerobic and anaerobic respiration
What is negative feedback? When a change in the environment causes an internal response which counteracts this to return levels to normal
What factors influence blood glucose concentration? Carbohydrate intake exercise insulin levels
Explain the action of insulin lowers blood glucose conc back to normal - bonds to receptors on target cells (muscles and liver) - causes more glucose transmembrane proteins to line cell membrane (inc permeability) - activates enzymes to stores glucose as glycogen (liver & muscles)
Explain the action of glucagon -binds to receptors on surface of liver cells -second-messenger model activates enzymes -glycogenolysis occurs -gluconeogenesis occurs -glucose released into bloodstream
What is glycogenolysis? breaking down glycogen into glucose to use for respiration
What is gluconeogenesis? synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors e.g. glycerol and amino acids
What is the role of adrenaline? causes fight or flight response -attaches to receptor of target cells on liver -glycogenolysis -glucose enters bloodstream and used for energy -blood vessels to less vital organs constricted -increased blood flow to muscles -pupils dilate
What is the cause of Type I diabetes? autoimmune condition where body mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin producing beta cells in pancreas
What is the cause of Type II diabetes? resistance to insulin or inability to produce insulin
Created by: Ziggyisweird
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