Gastrointestinal Tract (GI)

system of organs that digests food, absorbs nutrients, and removes waste

the mouth. where digestion begins through chewing and saliva

the throat. passageway for food and air

a flap of cartilage thats over the airway during swallowing. (prevents choking)

a muscular tube that moves food from the throat to the stomach

a muscular organ that mixes food with digestive acids and enzymes

long, coiled tube where most digestion and nutrient absorption happens

first section. receives stomach contents, bile, and pancreatic enzymes

middle section. absorbs nutrients like sugars and amino acids

final section. absorbs remaining nutrients, especially vitamin B and bile salts

a pouch at the beginning of the large intestine; connects to the ileum

absorbs water and forms solid waste

moves waste upward on the right side

moves waste downward on the left side

s-shaped section leading to the rectum

stores feces before elimination

opening at the end of the GI tract where waste is expelled

produces saliva to lubricate food and start digestion

breaks food into smaller pieces (mechanical digestion)

helps move food, swallow, and taste

small tissue at back of throat. helps with swallowing and speech

produces bile to digest fats and processes nutrients/toxins

makes digestive enzymes and regulates blood sugar

small tube attached to the cecum; may have immune function

muscle controlling entry of food from the throat into the esophagus

Lower esophageal (Cardiac)

prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus

controls the release of stomach contents into the duodenum

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4.2.1 Digestion

Question	Answer
Gastrointestinal Tract (GI)	system of organs that digests food, absorbs nutrients, and removes waste
Oral Cavity	the mouth. where digestion begins through chewing and saliva
Pharynx	the throat. passageway for food and air
Epiglottis	a flap of cartilage thats over the airway during swallowing. (prevents choking)
Esophagus	a muscular tube that moves food from the throat to the stomach
Stomach	a muscular organ that mixes food with digestive acids and enzymes
Small Intestine	long, coiled tube where most digestion and nutrient absorption happens
Duodenum	first section. receives stomach contents, bile, and pancreatic enzymes
Jejunum	middle section. absorbs nutrients like sugars and amino acids
Ileum	final section. absorbs remaining nutrients, especially vitamin B and bile salts
Cecum	a pouch at the beginning of the large intestine; connects to the ileum
Large Intestine	absorbs water and forms solid waste
Ascending Colon	moves waste upward on the right side
Transverse Colon	moves waste across the abdomen
Descending Colon	moves waste downward on the left side
Sigmoid Colon	s-shaped section leading to the rectum
Rectum	stores feces before elimination
Anus	opening at the end of the GI tract where waste is expelled
Salivary Glands	produces saliva to lubricate food and start digestion
Teeth	breaks food into smaller pieces (mechanical digestion)
Tongue	helps move food, swallow, and taste
Uvula	small tissue at back of throat. helps with swallowing and speech
Liver	produces bile to digest fats and processes nutrients/toxins
Pancreas	makes digestive enzymes and regulates blood sugar
Appendix	small tube attached to the cecum; may have immune function
Upper esophageal	muscle controlling entry of food from the throat into the esophagus
Lower esophageal (Cardiac)	prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus
Pyloric	controls the release of stomach contents into the duodenum

Created by: user-1898314

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