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Biology, Genetics

QuestionAnswer
Mutation A change in DNA that can result in a positive, negative or neutral effect.
Types of mutations Deletion, Insertion, Substatution
Where do MUTATIONS happen DNA
Why is it possible to have a neutral mutation Some mutations like a substitution mutation can change the base pairs but it could still code for the same amino acid and therefore have no effect
Epigenetics How environmental influences can affect gene expression
List some things that can change change your epigenome Things that your parents, grandparents or anybody around you. How they acted, things that you did like smoking for example.
DNA methelation When DNA is wrapped around histones. This causes it to be harder to read that DNA so it is not transcribed a lot or none at all, it depends how tightly it is wrapped around.
Promoter Essential start signal and assembly point for transcription
Enhancer Regulates the rate and frequency of transcription think of volume control
Enzyme A protein that catalyzes (speeds up) a chemical reaction
What enzyme cuts Restriction enzyme
What happens when a protein gets denatured This means that it doesn't have the right shape and in protein world shape=function. If a protein is denatured it can't preform its function.
When can mutations happen Error in transcription Exposure to chemicals Exposure to radiation
Natural selection Breeding organisms of the same sepsis to get desired traits and characteristics. More Broad
Genetic Engeneering Inserting the genes of interest into a plasmid to get the desired result or protein. More direct.
How does genetic engineering work The first step is to take a bacterial plasmid and use a restriction enzyme to have it cut in the certain places. Then you take a piece of human DNA for the gene of interest and insert it into the plasmid and then use ligase to glue it back together.
Pros of genetic engeneering More targeted results, there would be more starvation and nutrient deficiency, and it makes the lives of people with disorders better.
Cons of genetic engineering We don't know all the side effects, reduced biodiversity, and GMO's can crossbreed with wild organisms.
Created by: Lupe:)
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