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Chapter 11

Study Guide

QuestionAnswer
Diploid Dominant Humans have this life cycle, multicellular stage
Germ Cells after fertilization, zygote and __ cell generated early in development of the zygote
Life cycle Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Meiosis I 1 cel divide into 2, division result one each homologous pair each new cell formed, each chromosome will copy attached (sister chromatids), two cells produced are haploid abut chromosome copy attached
Meiosis II Two cells form meiosis I each divide into 4 total, sister chromatids copied are separated during this, result in 4 haploid cells each cell has one member of each of the original homologous pair
Reduction division reduced the chromosome number by half, producing haploid gametes
Somatic Cell any cell forming the body of multicellular organisms
Synapsis pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, facilitating genetic recombination and ensuring proper separation of chromosomes
Tetrad 3 chromatids
Chiasmata location where two homologous non-sister chromatids cross across during the meiosis and exchange genetic material
Fertilizer process of feralization, fusion between of sperm and egg cells to form a zygote
Prophase I 1st - homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrad, 2nd - crossing occurs (genetic recombination) between homologous chromosome, 3rd - spindle microtubules assemble, nuclear envelope break down
Metaphase I Microtubules attach to kinetochore region of the tetrads, tetrad line up along the equator of the cell
Anaphase I Each homologous pair is separated (sister chromatids stay put)
Telophase I (and cytokinesis) Spindle microtubules disappear, cytokinesis occurs, nuclear envelope may reappear, chromosome usually remains condensed and ready for Meiosis II
Prophase II Spindle microtubules reforms and bind to the sister chromatid kinetochores, chromosome are condensed and the nuclear envelope is not present
Metaphase II Sister chromatids line up singly along the equator
Anaphase II The sister chromatids are separated and pulled to each pole
Telophase II (and cytokinesis) Cytokinesis occurs, nuclear membrane reforms, chromosome relax
Created by: Khanlena
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