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DNA 4572586

Unit 2 DNA L Cert Biology

QuestionAnswer
What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid
How would you describe the structure of DNA? Double helix
Who discovered the structure of DNA? Watson and Crick
To simplify its structure, DNA is often described as being in the shape of a ladder. What are the sides of the ladder composed of? Phosphate and the sugar Deoxyribose
To simplify its structure, DNA is often described as being in the shape of a ladder. What are the rungs of the ladder composed of? Nitrogenous Bases
Name the 4 nitrogenous bases Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)
Complementary Base Pairing occurs between the nitrogenous bases, how are the bases ALWAYS paired? A with T G with C (At the Giants Causeway)
What type of bonds hold the bases together? Hydrogen bond
Nitrogenous bases can also be categorised based on their size, what is the name of these 2 categories? Purines and Pyrimidines
Name the 2 purines Adenine and Guanine (Attorney General in Pure)
Name the 2 pyrimidines Thymine and Cytosine
What is the group name for a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate and a nitrogenous base? Nucleotide
Where in a cell, can you find FREE DNA nucleotides? Nucleus and Cytoplasm
What is the name for a section of DNA that carries the instructions for a particular protein? Gene
What is the name for the precise sequence of bases that codes for a protein? Genetic Code
How many nitrogenous bases are in a codon (triplet)? 3
What does each triplet (codon) represent? An amino acid
At what stage of a cell cycle does DNA replication occur? Interphase
During DNA replication, what enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases? Helicase
What is the term used to describe the testing for abnormal genes? Genetic screening
What do you call the unique pattern of bands that can be created from a persons DNA? DNA Profile
During the experiment to isolate DNA, why did you use liquid detergent? To break down cell membranes
During the experiment to isolate DNA, why did you use salt? It clumps the DNA together
During the experiment to isolate DNA, why did you place the sample in a 60degree water bath for 15min? It denatures the enzymes which would normally digest the DNA
During the experiment to isolate DNA, why did you take the sample from the waterbath and place it in an ice bath for 5min? To slow the breakdown of DNA
During the experiment to isolate DNA, why did you blend the sample for 3 sec? To break down the cell walls
During the experiment to isolate DNA, why did you add protease? To break down the proteins
During the experiment to isolate DNA, why did you add ice cold ethanol? To allow the DNA to precipitate at the alcohol/filtrate boundary
What are the 4 main steps in forming a DNA profile? Isolation, Cutting into fragments, Separation of fragments, Comparison of profiles
Name the process by which the DNA fragments are separated? Electrophoresis
Name 2 uses of DNA profiles? Solving crime and Paternity/Maternity cases
What does RNA stand for? Ribonucleic Acid
Name the nitrogenous bases found in RNA? Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and URACIL
How are the bases paired in RNA? A with U G with C
Is RNA double stranded or single stranded? Single stranded
How are the sequences of bases determined in single stranded RNA? From an exposed DNA strand
What is the name of the enzyme that separates the DNA double helix during protein synthesis? RNA polymerase
Name the 3 types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
What is the function of mRNA? It carries a copy of the desired code from the exposed DNA strand, leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome
What is the function of rRNA? It helps form the ribosome - site of protein synthesis
What is the function of tRNA? It carries the required amino acid to the mRNA at the ribosome
What is the term given to the copying of the exposed DNA strand and the formation of mRNA? Transcription
What is the term given to the formation of a protein from a strand of mRNA? Translation
What is the final step that has to happen to the chain of amino acids that make up a protein in order for it to work correctly? It has to fold in the correct shape
Created by: Famrein
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