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Science Unit 3

Unit 3 Practice

QuestionAnswer
The Sun The star at the center of the Solar System; massive hot ball of gas powered by fusion converting hydrogen into helium.
Star A self-luminous celestial body; stars look bigger or smaller based on distance; the Sun is a medium-sized star.
Planet A celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around a star.
Moon A natural satellite of a planet (Earth’s moon is our natural satellite).
Meteor A meteoroid entering Earth’s atmosphere; also called a shooting star.
Asteroid A rocky mass orbiting the Sun; ranges from large to dust-sized.
Comet A celestial body made of ice and dust that orbits the Sun.
Kuiper Belt Region beyond Neptune containing comets and dwarf planets.
Oort Cloud Distant region of icy bodies far beyond Pluto; source of long-period comets.
Terrestrial Planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars; made of rock and have solid surfaces.
Gas Planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune; made of gas and called gas giants.
Are gas or terrestrial planets larger? Gas giants are larger; they rotate faster and have longer revolutions.
Shooting Stars Meteoroids that burn due to friction entering Earth's atmosphere; become meteors or meteorites if they hit Earth.
Difference between asteroids and comets Asteroids are rocky; comets are ice, rock, and dust.
Earth & Moon Similarities Both rocky; both orbit the Sun.
Source of Energy for Solar System The Sun; powered by nuclear fusion turning hydrogen into helium.
Earth Rotation Takes 24 hours; causes day and night.
Earth Revolution Takes 365 1/4 days around the Sun; causes seasons.
Why planets orbit the Sun Sun has the most mass, creating strong gravity; gravity + inertia keeps planets in orbit.
Gravity & Mass More mass = stronger gravity; less mass = weaker gravity.
Jupiter vs Earth gravity Jupiter has more mass → more gravity.
Moon vs Earth gravity Moon has less mass → weaker gravity.
Mass vs Weight Mass = matter amount; weight = mass × gravity. Mass stays same on Moon; weight changes.
Distance from Sun & Life Must be in the habitable/Goldilocks zone so liquid water can exist.
Name of life-supporting zone Habitable zone / Goldilocks zone.
Why water matters Liquid water is required for life and must exist on the planet’s surface.
Atmosphere & Life Atmosphere insulates, protects from UV, provides gases (C, N), creates pressure, blocks meteors.
Earth’s Atmosphere Composition Mostly nitrogen and oxygen; small amounts of argon, CO₂, and trace gases.
Extremophiles & Life Search They live in extreme conditions; finding them elsewhere suggests potential for life.
If Sun were bigger Habitable zone shifts; Earth might become too hot to support life.
Why outer planets can’t support life Too cold, water frozen, made of gas, and receive little solar energy.
Created by: JudeBellingham
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