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BIO II: Exam 4

Jeopardy Diabetes

QuestionAnswer
Can insulin cross the cell membrane alone? Why or why not? No, because it is a protein/peptide hormone which is POLAR and large, and thus can’t cross without a transporter
After you eat a big meal, what hormone does your body release and from where? Insulin is released from the pancreas
True or False: The release of glucagon will cause the GLUT-4 transporter to migrate out of the outer membrane of muscle and fat cells. False: It’s the breakdown of insulin, not the addition of glucagon that stops glucose transport
What will happen to glucagon levels if glucagon receptors are largely blocked by competitive inhibitors? Glucagon production will increase
What are the monomers associated with starch, complex proteins and DNA, respectively? Glucose, amino acid, nucleic acid
Why are there high levels of blood glucose with Type 1 Diabetes? The pancreas doesn’t produce insulin
Which will produce a larger spike in insulin, chocolate milkshake or a steak? Why? Chocolate milkshake. More sugar instead of high protein
Identify the receptor, control center, and effector for someone who is hypoglycemic. Receptor: Hypothalamus Control Center: Pancreas Effector: Liver
What are 2 ways to treat Type II diabetes? drugs, exercise, improved diet with less sugar, health education, improved access to healthy foods
What are 2 things that might happen if someone takes too much insulin, causing their blood sugar to drop too low? Coma OR down-regulate insulin, release glucagon, produce insulin inhibitor, others are possible
Epinephrine does not need a transporter in the blood. That means epinephrine could be which two types of hormone? Protein/peptide or Amine hormone
What kind of receptor can form a hormone-receptor complex? Intracellular receptor
True or False: the signaling molecule in signal transduction enters the cell? FALSE - only the signal is passed into the cell
If there is a mutation in the gene that codes for the insulin transporter, causing the transmembrane protein to fold incorrectly, what will happen to blood glucose levels after a meal? (stay too high, drop too low or stay the same?) Stay too high because insulin can’t be released into the blood
A steroid hormone like estrogen or testosterone needs a transporter in which of these cases: -Move out of gonad cells -Travel through the blood -Move through the target cell membrane -Travel through the blood As non-polar molecules, they can travel through membranes
What is the term for when a downstream product inhibits further hormone release or synthesis Feedback Inhibition, Feedback Suppression, or negative feedback
Do plants undergo respiration? YES, they can undergo all 4 steps of respiration
When NADH and FADH2 are synthesized, are they being oxidized or reduced? How can you tell? Reduced (OIL RIG) Gains an H (with its electron)
Where does the formation of ATP happen during oxidative phosphorylation? ATP Synthase: hydrogen ions flowing back into the mitochondrial matrix from the intermembrane space (remember the ETC pumps H+ into the intermembrane pace AGAINST its gradient in order to generate potential energy that is then used to make ATP)
What is are 2 differences between aerobic respiration and fermentation? - Fermentation produces LESS ATP - Fermentation involves NO oxygen - Fermentation has NO ETC - They have different intermediate products - Fermentation does not fully reduce glucose
In what way do you think temperature affects the amount of ATP generated in aerobic respiration? Outside of their optimal temperature, ATP wouldn’t be generated at it’s fastest rate
Created by: emily.zegarra
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