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Bio Ch 11 Evolution
Bio Ch 11 Evolution Openstax Concepts Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a heritable trait that confers on an individual a survival and reproduction advantage in its current environment | Adaptation |
| The primary pressure on species to change over time is called what | Natural Selection |
| What term did Darwin use for "Survival of the fittest," or the reproductive advantage in individuals who inherit traits that help them adapt to a changing environment | Natural selection |
| What term refers to gradual change in a population over time that is observable in a lifetime, such as bacteria resistance to antibiotics | Microevolution |
| The making of a new species over millions and millions of years is called what | Macroevolution |
| What specialized field is the study of what happens to all the alleles of a population | Population genetics |
| Which theoretical state proposes that the allele and the genotype frequency remain constant generation after generation, meaning no evolution is occurring | Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium |
| If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which type of mating must occur | Random mating |
| Name one of the five evolutionary forces that can disrupt Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | Natural Selection, Mutation, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, or Non-random mating |
| What mechanism of evolution is defined as a sudden change in the DNA that must occur in the DNA to be passed on | Mutation |
| What mechanism of evolution is a change in allele frequency due to chance alone, which is most important in a small population | Genetic Drift |
| The movement of alleles due to immigration (moving in) and emigration (moving out) of individuals from a population is known as what | Gene flow |
| What type of genetic drift occurs when a disaster randomly kills a large proportion of the population, resulting in a sudden loss of the genome | Bottleneck |
| What type of evolutionary evidence includes structures that have the same anatomical origin but may serve different functions, such as the human arm and a whale flipper | Homologous Structures |
| Do homologous structures indicate that organisms evolved from a common ancestor | Yes |
| What type of evolutionary evidence includes structures that share the same function (like flight) but have completely different anatomy and origin | Analogous Structures |
| Do analogous structures indicate a close common ancestor between two organisms | No |
| What structures are body parts that no longer serve their original function but were useful to ancestors, such as the human appendix and coccyx | Vestigial Structures |
| In rock layers, which layer contains the oldest fossils | The lowest layer (Layer A) |
| The most complete fossil record showing evolutionary progression is that of which animal | The horse |
| The earliest horse in the fossil record had how many toes | Four |
| What is the field of evidence that compares the chemical make-up of proteins and amino acid sequences to determine evolutionary relationships | Comparative Biochemistry |
| Comparative biochemistry shows that the closest evolutionary relationship exists between humans and which other species | Chimpanzee |
| The study of embryos and their development is called what | Embryology |
| Why do the earliest embryos of highly diversified species (like fish, pigs, and humans) look very similar | They share a common ancestor |
| What must be true about a trait for it to be inherited and passed from parents to offspring | It must be encoded in the DNA/genes |
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