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cell structure
and fuctions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | basic unit of all forms of life |
| nucleus | structure in a cell that contains DNA |
| cell theory | fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function as living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells |
| cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells and regulates what enters/leaves |
| eukaryote | organism whose cells contain a nucleus |
| prokaryote | unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus |
| cytoplasm | fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions with a eukaryotic cell |
| ribosome | cell organelle consisting of DNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis |
| endoplasmic reticulum | internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled |
| Golgi apparatus | organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell |
| vacuole | organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| lysosomes | cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbs, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement |
| chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| mitochondrion | organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| cell wall | strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells |
| lipid bilayer | flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings |
| selectively permeable | property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane |
| homeostasis | relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain |
| diffusion | process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| facilitated diffusion | process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through cell channels |
| aquaporin | water channel protein in a cell |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | when the concentration of 2 solutions is the same |
| hypertonic | when comparing 2 solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solute |
| hypotonic | when comparing 2 solutions, the solution with less concentration of solutes. |
| osmotic pressure | pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane |
| tissue | group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| organ | group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |
| organ system | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
| receptor | on or in a cell, a specific protein to whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger, such as a hormone. |
Created by:
MimiLovesQuixote
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