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bio 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | basic unit of all life forms |
| cell theory | fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things and that new cells are produced from existing cells |
| cell membrane | thin flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulate what enters and leaves the cell |
| nucleus | structure that contains the cells genetic material |
| eukaryote | organism whose cells contain a nucleus |
| prokaryote | unicellular organism without a nucleus |
| cytoplasm | in eukaryotic cells all cell contents outside the nucleus; in prokaryotic cells all of the cells contents |
| organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell |
| vacuole | cell organelle that stores materials such as water salts proteins and carbohydrates (Carbs) |
| lysosome | cell organelle that breaks down lipids carbs and proteins into smaller molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments in eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement |
| centriole | structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division |
| ribosome | cell organelle consisting of RNA and proteins found throughout the cell, the site or protein synthesis |
| endoplasmic reticulum | internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled |
| Golgi apparatus | organelle in cells that modifies sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or released outside of the cell |
| chloroplast | organelle found in plant cells and some other organisms that captures energy from the sun and converts the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| mitochondrion | cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cells to use |
| cell wall | strong supporting layer around the cell in some cells |
| lipid bilayer | flexible double layered sheet that makes up that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the call and it s surroundings |
| selectively permeable | property of biological membrane s that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot, a also called semipermeable membrane |
| diffusion | process by which particles tend too move away from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| facilitated diffusion | process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through cell membrane channels |
| aquaporin | water channel protein in a cell |
| isotonic | where the concentration of 2 solutions is the same |
| hypertonic | when comparing 2 solutions the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| hypotonic | when comparing 2 solutions the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| osmotic pressure | pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| homeostasis | relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain |
| tissue | group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| organ | group of tissue that work together to perform closely related functions |
| organ system | group of organs that work together to perform a specific task |
| receptor | on or in a cell, a specific protein to whose shape fits that of a specific such as hormones |
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