Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIO101
1st Exam Concept Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | Study of the body Structure |
| Physiology | Study of the function of the body |
| Homeostasis | The maintenance of a constant internal environment |
| Control Center | Homeostatic mechanism maintains the "Set Point" & Makes decisions about how to return the system to that point |
| Role of Receptors in Homeostasis: | Receptors detect changes in the internal or external environment and send this information to the control center, helping initiate responses that restore homeostasis. |
| Layers of the Serous Membrane | Parietal layer & Visceral layer |
| Parietal layer | Lines the body cavity. |
| Visceral layer | Directly covers the organs |
| Planes Dividing the Body and Brain | Sagittal Plane, Mid Sagittal Plane, Coronal (frontal) Plane, Transverse(Horizontal)Plane |
| Sagittal Plane: | Divides the body into left and right portions. |
| Midsagittal Plane | Divides the body into equal left and right halves. |
| Coronal (Frontal) Plane | Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) regions |
| Transverse (Horizontal) Plane | Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections. |
| Organs Located in the Mediastinum | The mediastinum contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, and major vessels such as the aorta and superior vena cava. |
| Anatomical Position | The anatomical position is standing upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides, palms forward, and feet flat and slightly apart. |
| Integumentary | Skin, hair, nails — protects the body. |
| Nervous | Brain, spinal cord, nerves — controls responses |
| Skeletal | Bones, cartilage — provides support |
| Muscular: Muscles | enables movement. |
| Digestive | Stomach, intestines — processes food. |
| Cardiovascular | Heart, blood vessels — transports blood. |
| Endocrine | Glands such as the thyroid — regulates hormones. |
| Reproductive | Ovaries or testes — produces offspring |
| Respiratory | Lungs, trachea — gas exchange. |
| Urinary | Kidneys, bladder — removes waste |
| Cervical | Neck region |
| Lumbar | Lower back |
| Cephalic | Head |
| Brachial | Upper arm |
| Antebrachial | Forearm |
| Femoral | Thigh |
| Plantar | Sole of the foot |
| Popliteal | Back of the knee |
| Abdominopelvic Regions: | ,Epigastric, Umbilical, Hypogastric , Right and Left Hypochondriac, Right and Left Lumbar, Right and Left Iliac (inguinal) |
| Major Cavities of the Axial Portion | Cranial cavity, Spinal cavity, Thoracic cavity, Abdominopelvic cavity |
| Cranial cavity | Contains the brain. |
| Spinal cavity | Contains the spinal cord. |
| Thoracic cavity | Contains the heart and lungs |
| Abdominopelvic cavity | Contains digestive and reproductive organs. |
| Structure Separating Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Cavities | The diaphragm |
| Protons | Positive charge |
| Electrons | Negative charge |
| Neutrons | No Charge |
| pH Scale Measurement | the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution, indicating whether it is acidic or basic. |
| Acid pH | <7 |
| Basic pH | >7 |
| Neutral pH | 7 |
| pH of Human Blood: | 7.35–7.45 |
| Anion | Negatively charged (gains electrons) |
| Cation | Positively charged (loses electrons) |
| Ionic bond | Transfer of electrons between atoms. |
| Covalent bond | Sharing of electrons between atoms. |
| Hydrogen bond | Weak attraction between polar molecules. |
| Ion | varies by electron number (charge), |
| Isotope | varies by neutron number (mass). |
| Sugars and Starches Are Classified As | Carbohydrates, which serve as a major source of energy |
| Most Abundant Inorganic Substance in the Body: | Water |
| Lipids | insoluble in water, store energy, form cell membranes, and include fats, oils, and steroids. Most Common Lipid is triglycerides |
| Proteins Are Made Of | Proteins consist of amino acids linked together in specific sequences. |
| Nucleic Acid with a Double Chain | DNA |
| Saturated | No double bonds, solid at room temperature |
| Unsaturated | One or more double bonds, liquid at room temperature. |
| Major Components of the Cell Membrane: | phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol; permeable mainly to lipid-soluble substances. |
| Cell Part That Directs Activities | The nucleus |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Synthesizes proteins (rough) and lipids (smooth) |
| Golgi apparatus | Modifies, packages, and ships these molecules. |
| Powerhouse of the Cell (mitochondrion) | produces ATP, the cell’s primary energy source. |
| Vesicles | Transport materials. |
| Lysosomes | Digest waste and foreign material |
| Endocytosis | Brings materials into the cell. |
| Exocytosis | Moves materials out of the cell |
| Phagocytosis | Cell eating” — large particles. |
| Pinocytosis | Cell drinking” — Small Particles fluids. |
| Hypotonic | Cell swells (water enters) |
| Hypertonic | Cell shrinks (water leaves) |
| Isotonic Solution | same solute concentration as the cell; no net water movement occurs. |
| Flagella | Long, few, used for movement |
| Cilia | Short, many, move materials across cell surfaces. |
| Diffusion | the net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| facilitated diffusion | a type of passive transport that moves substances across a cell membrane with the help of transport proteins, |
| What Diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion Have in Common | Both move molecules from high to low concentration without energy input. |
| Synthesis phase | Chromosomes replicate |
| Cytokinesis | Is the division of Cytoplasm |
| Na/K pump | active transport |
| Osmosis | Specifically regarding the movement of water through aquaporins which are water channels between phospholipids of the cell membrane |
| Apoptosis | Programed cell Death as part of it’s life and Necrosis is Cell death because of damage |
| Cephalic | Head |
| Cervical | Neck |
| Thoracic | Chest |
| Abdominal | Stomach |
| Pelvic | Pelvis |
| Lumbar | Lower back |
| Gluteal | Buttocks |
| Pubic | Genital region |
| Femoral | Thigh |
| Crural | Shin |
| Sural | Calf |
| Pedal | Foot |
| Plantar | Sole of the foot |
| Inguinal | Groin |
| Antebrachial | Forearm |
| Manual | Hand |
| Superior | Above |
| Inferior | Below |
| Anterior | Front |
| Posterior | Back |
| Dorsal | Back |
| Ventral | Front |
| Superficial | Near the surface |
| Proximal | Closer to the point of attachment |
| Distal | Further away from the point of attachment |
| Medial | Near the midline |
| Lateral | Further away from the midline |
| Protons | Positive charge |
| Neutrons | No charge (neutral) |
| Electrons | Negative charge |
| Carbon | (C) |
| Hydrogen | (H) |
| Nitrogen | (N) |
| Oxygen | (O) |
| Phosphorous | (P) |
| Sulfur | (S) |
| Calcium | (Ca) |
| Sodium | (Na) |
| Potassium | (K) |
| Chlorine | (Cl) |
| Iron | (Fe) |
| Iodine | (I) |
| Magnesium | (Mg) |
| Lipids | These are molecules that are generally hydrophobic (insoluble in water) and include fats, oils, and steroids. |
| Hydrophobic | Refers to substances that repel water or do not mix well with water, essentially having a "fear" of water. |
| Hydrophilic | Refers to substances that can interact with water or "love" water, making them soluble in water. |
| triglyceride is made of | Glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| nucleotides | The basic building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA |
Created by:
user-1990156
Popular Biology sets