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Genetics

TermDefinition
Genetics definition The study of hereditary
What genes control Characteristics on chromosomes
Allele definition An alternate form of a gene
Father of genetics Gregor mendel
Amount of alleles our cells contain per trait Two alleles One from our mother, one from our father
Dominant definition The allele that is expressed if present
Recessive definition The allele which is hidden by the dominant allele Only expressed if two recessive alleles are present
Homozygous alleles Both alleles are the same
Heterozygous alleles Alleles are different
Genotype definition Genetic make up of an organism I.e the alleles
Phenotype definition Physical expression of a gene
Mendel’s first law The law of segregation
Law of segregation Every trait is controlled by a pair of alleles which is separate at gamete formation. Each gamete contains one allele
Mono hybrid cross Studies the inheritance of a single characteristic
F1 definition First filial generation
F2 Second filial generation
Sex determination 50:50 chance of a baby being make or female
Incomplete dominance and when it occurs Occurs when both alleles battle for expression but neither allele is dominant or recessive
When an intermediate phenotype occurs In the heterozygous condition
Dihybrid cross function Examine the inheritance of two characteristics
Mendel’s second law The law of independent assortment
The law of independent assortment Each member of a pair of alleles can combine randomly with either member of another pair of alleles at gamete formation
Importance of Mendel’s second law in Dihybrid cross. Shows alleles are not linked
Linkage definition Refers to alleles located on the same chromosome
Significance of linkage when gametes are being formed Linked alleles do not causing Less variation among offspring
Sex or X linkage Refers to genes located on the X chromosome
3 sex linked disorders Red green colour blindness Haemophilia Albinism
Mutation definition A change in the genetic make up of an organism
Mutagens definition Anything that causes a mutation
5 mutagens 1. Lonising radiation 2. UV radiation 3. Cigarette smoke 4. Benzene 5. Asbestos
Pedigree study function Used to determine and explain inheritance of certain characteristics
Created by: EObrienHart
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