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Bio Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Photosynthesis | CO2+H20+ENERGY(SUNLIGHT) ---> O2+C6H12O6 The process in which plants produce oxygen and glucose by absorbing sunlight and taking in water and CO2. Includes a light-dependent reaction and a light-independent reaction. |
| ATP/ ADP | ATP is the energized version of ADP (Electron Carrier). Store and release energy by forming and breaking bonds between phosphate groups. |
| NADP/ NADPH | NADPH is the energized version of NADP plus Hydrogen (Electron Carrier) |
| Chlorophyll | Green pigment that excels at absorbing sunlight. |
| Chloroplast | Organelle in which photosynthesis occurs. Includes stack of thylakoids (Grana) and the stroma. |
| Stroma | Gel around grana; where the Calvin Cycle takes place |
| Thylakoid | Where the light-dependent reaction occurs |
| Light-Dependent Reaction | Uses sunlight to add electrons to ADP to form ATP. Takes H2 from H2O and electrons and adds them to NADP to form NADPH. ATP and NADPH are sent to Calvin Cycle. O from H2O finds a pair and is released into the air. |
| Calvin Cycle | Light-dependent reaction. Absorbs CO2, takes H2 and energy from NADPH, and takes energy from ATP to form C6H12O6 (Glucose). |
| Cellular Respiration | C6H12O6+O2 ---> CO2+H2O+38ATP Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. |
| Glycolysis | Anaerobic process. One glucose is oxidized to produce 2PGAL (Uses 2 ATP). 2PGAL are oxidized (2NAD+ ---> 2NADH) to form 2 pyruvic acid (3C COMPOUND). This also results in the production of 4ATP (NET GAIN 2ATP). |
| Krebs Cycle | Aerobic process. Pyruvic acid ---> CO2, NADH, ATP, FADH2 Acetyl-CoA+4C ---> citric acid Releases CO2 Electron carries go to ETC |
| Electron Transport Chain | Electron carriers transport electrons to ETC to convert ADP to ATP. Hydrogen taken from NADH and FADH2 to create battery to spin ATP synthase to produce ATP. |
| Mitochondria | Organelle where cellular respiration takes place in every cell. |
| Anaerobic/ Aerobic Respiration | Anaerobic - does not require oxygen Aerobic - requires oxygen |
| Pyruvic Acid | Produced in glycolysis through the oxidization of 2PGAL. Either moves to Krebs Cycle or stays in cytoplasm to by used for fermentation. |