Simple Diffusion + why is it passive

Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (down the concentration gradient) + it does not require energy/ATP

Diffusion of water - water goes down its concentration gradient (high conc. of water/low conc. of solute to low conc. of water/high conc. of solute)

Hypotonic meaning + state of animal/plant cells

solute concentration is higher INSIDE cell then outside, water goes into cell. animal cell lysed, plant cell turgid

isotonic meaning + state of animal/plant cells

solute concentration is equal in + out of the cell. animal cell normal, plant cell flaccid.

hypertonic meaning + state of animal/plant cells

solute concentration is higher OUTSIDE cell then inside, water leaves cell. animal cell shriveled, plant cell plasmolyzed

facilitated vs. passive diffusion

facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins (carrier + channel) for large charged/polar molecules passive diffusion is for hydrophobic and small uncharged molecules to pass directly through the lipid bilayer both dont require ATP

active vs. passive diffusion

active transport/diffusion moves molecules against their concentration gradient (low to high) requires ATP passive diffusion moves molecules down their concentration gradient (high to low) does NOT require ATP

facililated diffusion

facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins (carrier + channel) for large charged/polar molecules. Moves molecules down their concentration gradient (high to low) + does NOT require ATP

active transport/diffusion moves molecules against their concentration gradient (low to high) requires ATP. Uses membrane proteins ex. the sodium potassium pump

Primary active transport

Protein pumps use ATP to move target substance against its concentration gradient

Secondary active transport

relies on primary; uses energy from the electrochemical gradient created which moves other substances agasint their gradient (uses downhill movement of 1 ion to power uphill movement of another)

Vesicular transport (bulk transport)

moving of molcules in/out of the cell via vesicles. Requires ATP; the 2 types are endocytosis (bringing molecules in) + exocytosis (molecules expelled out)

taking in of fluids + small dissolved molcules/solutes

receptor-mediated cytosis

specific molecules are brought into the cell by receptors that bind to them

resting membrane potential

the electrical potential differnence across the plamsa membrane when the cell is resting/not excited

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Transport processes

Question	Answer
Simple Diffusion + why is it passive	Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (down the concentration gradient) + it does not require energy/ATP
Osmosis	Diffusion of water - water goes down its concentration gradient (high conc. of water/low conc. of solute to low conc. of water/high conc. of solute)
Hypotonic meaning + state of animal/plant cells	solute concentration is higher INSIDE cell then outside, water goes into cell. animal cell lysed, plant cell turgid
isotonic meaning + state of animal/plant cells	solute concentration is equal in + out of the cell. animal cell normal, plant cell flaccid.
hypertonic meaning + state of animal/plant cells	solute concentration is higher OUTSIDE cell then inside, water leaves cell. animal cell shriveled, plant cell plasmolyzed
facilitated vs. passive diffusion	facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins (carrier + channel) for large charged/polar molecules passive diffusion is for hydrophobic and small uncharged molecules to pass directly through the lipid bilayer both dont require ATP
active vs. passive diffusion	active transport/diffusion moves molecules against their concentration gradient (low to high) requires ATP passive diffusion moves molecules down their concentration gradient (high to low) does NOT require ATP
facililated diffusion	facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins (carrier + channel) for large charged/polar molecules. Moves molecules down their concentration gradient (high to low) + does NOT require ATP
active transport	active transport/diffusion moves molecules against their concentration gradient (low to high) requires ATP. Uses membrane proteins ex. the sodium potassium pump
Primary active transport	Protein pumps use ATP to move target substance against its concentration gradient
Secondary active transport	relies on primary; uses energy from the electrochemical gradient created which moves other substances agasint their gradient (uses downhill movement of 1 ion to power uphill movement of another)
Vesicular transport (bulk transport)	moving of molcules in/out of the cell via vesicles. Requires ATP; the 2 types are endocytosis (bringing molecules in) + exocytosis (molecules expelled out)
phagocytosis	engulfing of large particles
pinocytosis	taking in of fluids + small dissolved molcules/solutes
receptor-mediated cytosis	specific molecules are brought into the cell by receptors that bind to them
resting membrane potential	the electrical potential differnence across the plamsa membrane when the cell is resting/not excited

Created by: every_august

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