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Quiz on 11/14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Filibuster | An attempt to stall or kill a bill by speaking for an extremely long time (happens in the Senate) |
| "DREAMers" | Protection for people who were brought into the country illegally when they were children. Pelosi spoke on the matter for 8 hours straight |
| Unanimous Consent | The approval of all senators |
| Hold | A measure to stall a bill |
| Cloture Rule | Requires a 2/3 supermajority to stop debate on a bill, thus, stopping a filibuster and allowing for a vote. Once reached, each senator has the privilege of speaking for up to 1 hour |
| Ways Senate can affect foreign relations | Can ratify or deny treaties with other countries and confirms U.S. ambassadors |
| Sponsor | The member of HOR of the Senate that introduces a bill and typically assumes authorship |
| Riders | Nongermane amendments that benefit a member's own agenda/ programs or enhance the political chances of the bill |
| Omnibus Bill | A bill that includes multiple areas of law and/or address multiple programs |
| Pork Barrel Spending | Funds earmarked for specific purposes in a legislator's district |
| Log Rolling | Trading votes to gain support for a bill to secure a vote in return for a bill of their own |
| Individual income taxes | Taxes paid by workers on the income they made during the calendar year. People pay different tax rates based on their income level |
| Corporate taxes | Taxes paid by businesses on the profits they made during the calendar year |
| Social insurance taxes (payroll) | Taxes paid by both employees and employers to fund such programs as Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment insurance |
| Tariffs and Excise taxes | Taxes paid on certain imports or products. Levied on specific products such as luxury products and products associated with health risks |
| Other Sources | Taxes that include interest on a government holdings or investments and estate taxes paid by people who inherit a large amount of money |
| Mandatory Spending | Payment required by law for certain programs such as Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and unemployment insurance |
| Deficit | The difference between spending and revenue and the government has to borrow money to pay it |
| Discretionary Spending | Funding that congressional committees debate and decide how to divide up, which goes to mostly human resources. Pays for everything else not required under mandatory spending. |
| Gridlock | The "congestion" of opposing forces that prevents ideas from moving forward |
| Straying from party line voting being dangerous for members of Congress | Has been much more common and to gain votes for reelection, is necessary |
| Delegate Model | An attempt to reflect the will of their constituency, especially in the HOR. Representation can advocate on behalf of certain groups or for the uniquenous of constituents, such as geography and gender |
| Trustee Model | Representatives believe they are entrusted by their constituency to use their best judgement, regardless of how constituents may view an issue |
| Politico Model | Lawmakers consider a variety of factors and decide their action or vote for whatever political calculations make the most sense to them at the time |
| Baker v. Carr | Ruled that the Supreme Court can render judgment on the constitutionality of legislative districts. Expanded democratic participation and the voting rights of minorities |
| Gerrymandering | Illogical district lines drawn to give the advantage to one party |
| Swing Districts | Republicans and democrats are roughly equal and have similar support levels among voters |
| Racial Gerrymandering | The intentional drawing of legislative districts on the basis of race. Violates other voters' rights to equal protection under the 14th Amendment |
| Shaw v. Reno | Ruled that a congressional district, designed for the purpose of accusing a majority Black population, violated the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause. Separated citizens into different classes without the justification of compelling state interest |
| "Lame duck" president | An executive who hasn't won reelection or who is closing in on the end of their second presidential term. |
Created by:
o.t.2001
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