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Unit 9 SMG
EXAM 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| One widely used method of examining evolutionary relationships is ________, which is based on the assumption that evolution is most likely to have proceeded by the path requiring fewest changes. | parsimony |
| What characteristics make a gene a good candidate for determining the evolutionary relationships between organisms? | highly conserved and universally distributed |
| For organisms to be considered members of the same species, they must __________. | be genetically and phenotypically cohesive |
| Because DNA-DNA hybridization reveals subtle differences in genes, it is useful for differentiating organisms from different | strains or species. |
| Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) involves sequencing several different | housekeeping genes. |
| Which taxonomic tool would scientists use if they wanted to determine if an outbreak of food poisoning was caused by a particular strain of a pathogen? | multilocus sequence typing |
| You are studying 12 new isolates from the human skin. Their average nucleotide identity for shared orthologous genes is 97%.The isolates would most likely be | classified as individual strains of the same species. |
| A gram-negative, obligately aerobic, bacillus-shaped bacterium that can degrade a large variety or aromatic compounds (making them potentially useful for bioremediation) is likely a(n) | sphingomonad. |
| The Proteobacteria are phylogenetically diverse. Closely-related organisms may have very different metabolisms while similar metabolisms are spread throughout the various classes of the phylum. What process most likely contributed to these similarities? | exchanges of genetic material between mature, adult organisms |
| Which characteristic is NOT associated with Vibrio spp.? | gliding motility |
| This Alphproteobacteria genus contains what is thought to be the most numerous bacterial species on Earth. | Pelagibacter, found in the photic zones of the oceans. |
| Which of the following best distinguishes deltaproteobacteria from epsilonproteobacteria? | Many epsilonbacteria oxidize sulfur compounds, which could be produced by a sulfur-reducing deltaproteobacterium. |
| Despite ether-linked lipids being a hallmark of the Archaea, the thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria in ________ also contain ether-linked lipids, which suggests they may be more closely related to Archaea than many other groups in Bacteria. | Thermodesulfobacterium |
| Which of the following is NOT a trait of the Planctomycetes? | undergo plant symbiosis |
| Members of the ________ are particularly abundant in the oceans, chemoorganotrophic, rarely pathogenic, and often produce pigments when grown on complex media. | Flavobacteriales |
| Members of the ________ are the most abundant bacteria present in the large intestine of humans and contain unusual ________ in their cell membranes. | Bacteroides / sphingolipids |
| Which feature(s) differentiate(s) Actinobacteria from Firmicutes? | relative G+C content in their genomes |
| Which genus is most easily distinguishable from others below by occurring in cell clusters of 8 or more? | Sarcina |
| Which of the following is LEAST commonly associated with endospore-forming bacteria? | They are coccus-shaped organisms. |
| Which group in Bacteria lacks cell walls? | Mycoplasma |
| The ________ produce over 500 characterized antibiotics. | streptomycetes |
| What has occurred when organisms share a trait that was NOT inherited from a common ancestor? | convergent evolution |
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