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APSM Biology Quiz 7
APSM CA Biology Quiz 7 3.4-3.6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adrenal cortex | outer layer of adrenal gland produces steroid hormones |
| Adrenal gland | endocrine gland located on top of kidney, produces epinephrine and steroid hormones |
| Adrenal medulla | makes epinephrine (adrenaline) which regulates the metabolism |
| Adrenaline | Hormone produced by the adrenal gland |
| Calcitonin | hormone produced in thyroid that help with calcium regulation |
| Cyclic AMP | messenger that transfers effects of certain hormones into cells |
| Diabetes | disease where sugar accumulates in the bloodstream instead of being stored by glycogen, caused by problems with producing or responding to insulin |
| Dwarfism | lack of height caused by not enough growth hormone |
| Endocrine glands | Ductless glands |
| Epinephrine | hormone produced by adrenal glands that prepare the body to respond to emergency situations |
| Estrogen | primary female reproductive hormones |
| Exocrine glands | gland that secretes products to the outside of the body |
| Gigantism | production of too much growth hormone causing excessive height |
| Glucagon | pancreatic hormone that signals the liver to convert glycogen to glucose & release the glucose into the bloodstream |
| Hormones | Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands |
| Insulin | pancreatic hormone that signal the liver & muscle to remove glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen |
| Islets of Langerhans | clumps of endocrine glands in the pancreas that produce insulin and glucagon |
| Non-steroidal Hormones | hormones that sit on the top of the cell and send cyclic AMP inside to cause cellular change |
| Ovary | female gonad that produces estrogen and releases eggs |
| Pancreas | organ that produces pancreatic juice and contains the islets of Langerhans |
| Parathyroid | small endocrine glands in the neck of humans that produces and secretes hormones to regulate the amount of calcium in the blood and bones |
| Pituitary gland | Controls the other endocrine glands |
| Steroidal Hormones | hormones that can go into a cell to change the chemistry |
| Testes | male gonad that produces testosterone |
| Testosterone | primary male reproductive hormone, causes increased muscle & bone mass, growth |
| Thyroid | endocrine gland located in neck, regulates rate of chemical activity in the cells |
| Thyroxine | thyroid hormone that regulate general activities related to metabolism |
| Type I Diabetes | autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin |
| Type II Diabetes | form of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance; occurs primarily as a result of obesity and lack of exercise |
| Corpus Luteum | what is left of a follicle after it ruptures and releases an egg |
| Epididymis | small organ attached to testis in which sperm mature and are stored |
| Fallopian Tube | tube connecting an ovary to the uterus, also called oviduct |
| Fertilization | process in which a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to form a new organism |
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | hormone that makes the ovary release estrogen and one ovum at a time |
| Follicular Phase | 1st phase of menstrual cycle when low estrogen stimulates FSH and LH, making the egg mature in follicle |
| Implantation | process in which a blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall |
| Luteal Phase | 3rd phase of menstrual cycle, blood vessels grow into the uterine lining to prepare for nourishing a baby. Only time when women are fertile |
| Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | hormone produced by pituitary gland that spurs the reproductive system into action |
| Menopause | cessation of menstrual cycles |
| Menstrual Cycle | series of natural changes in hormone production and uterine structures to prepare for potential pregnancy |
| Menstruation | 4th phase of menstrual cycle. Unfertilized egg and uterine wall is shed |
| Ovary | A female organ that makes the ova |
| Ovulation | 2nd phase of menstrual cycle, estrogen causes a sudden release of LH which cause the follicle to rupture and release an egg |
| Ovum | egg |
| Penis | male organ that carries the duct from the transfer of sperm |
| Puberty | stage of development in which the reproductive organs mature and the person becomes physically able to reproduce |
| Scrotum | sac that holds the testes |
| Secondary Sexual Characteristics | any of the body characteristics that develop during adolescence not directly related to reproduction |
| Female Secondary Sexual Characteristics | hips widen, breasts develop |
| Male Secondary Sexual Characteristics | voice lowers, facial hair grows |
| Semen | fluid that carries sperm out of the body |
| Sexually Transmitted Disease | disease spread by sexual relations, especially those outside of marriage |
| Sperm | male reproductive cell |
| Urethra | in males, it not only carries urine from the bladder, but also semen |
| Uterus | Where the zygote implants |
| Vagina | an elastic muscular canal that extends from the vulva to the cervix; birth canal |
| Vas Deferens | tube that carries sperm out of the testes |
| Zygote | A fertilized egg |
| Afterbirth | contains the amnion and placenta |
| Amnion | sac where the embryo develops, contains amniotic fluid |
| Blastocyst | Early stage of human development after the zygote |
| Cervix | Opening of the uterus |
| Chorion | outermost fetal membrane around the embryo |
| Ectoderm | embryonic layer that becomes the skin & nerve cells |
| Embryology | the study of pre-birth human growth & development |
| Endoderm | embryonic layer that becomes the lining of the digestive tract |
| Fraternal Twins | twins that come from two different eggs |
| Gastrulation | stage in early embryonic development that leads to the formation of three primary tissue layers |
| Gestation | the period from conception to birth, 38-40 weeks in humans |
| Identical Twins | twins that develop from the same egg |
| Labor | process of birth |
| Mesoderm | embryonic layer that becomes most of the other tissues of a baby |
| Navel | depression in center of a person’s belly caused by detachment of the umbilical cord |
| Neural Tube | fold on embryo that develops into the spinal cord |
| Neurulation | process in embryonic development in which neural tissue is transformed from a flat plate into the neural tube, which develops into the CNS |
| Oxytocin | hormone that stimulates uterine muscles to contract during labor |
| Placenta | sac of blood vessels that connects a mother to an unborn child |
| Umbilical cord | cord consisting of three blood vessels and supporting tissue, connecting placenta to an unborn baby |
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