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SOL LS.10 HEREDITY
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID) | THE MOLECULE THAT CONTAINS THE GENETIC CODE FOR ALL LIVING THINGS |
| DOUBLE HELIX | THE TWISTED LADDER SHAPE OF A DNA MOLECULE |
| NUCLEOTIDE | THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCK OF DNA, COMPOSED OF A SUGAR, PHOSPHATE, AND NITROGEN BASE |
| NITROGENOUS BASES | THE FOUR CHEMICALS (ADENINE, THYMINE, CYTOSINE, GUANINE) THAT PAIR TO FORM THE "RUNGS" OF THE DNA LADDER |
| BASE PAIRING RULE | ADENINE PAIRS WITH THEYMINE (A-T); CYTOSINE PAIRS WITH GUANINE (C-G) |
| GENE | A SEGMENT OF DNA THAT CONTAINS THE CODE FOR A SPECIFIC PROTEIN OR TRAIT |
| CHROMOSOME | A TIGHTLY COILED STRAND OF DNA THAT CARRIES MANY GENES |
| PROTEIN | A MOLECULE MADE FROM AMINO ACIDS THAT PERFORS STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ROLES IN ORGANISMS |
| TRAIT | A CHARACTERISTIC OR FEATURE OF AN ORGANISM DETERMINED BY GENETIC INFORMATION |
| PROTEIN SYNTHESIS | THE PROCESS BY WHICH CELLS MAKE PROTEINS BASED ON DNA INSTRUCTIONS |
| REPRODUCTION | THE PROCESS BY WHICH LIVING ORGANISMS PRODUCE OFFSPRING |
| ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION | TYPE OF REPRODUCTION INVOLVING A SINGLE PARENT THAT PRODUCES GENETICALLY IDENTICAL OFFSPRING |
| SEXUAL REPRODUCTION | TYPE OF REPRODUCTION INVOLVING TWO PARENTS, RESULTING IN GENETIC VARIATION IN OFFSPRING |
| MEISOS | A TYPE OF CELL DIVISION THAT PRODUCES SEX CELLS (GAMETES) WITH HALF THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES |
| GAMETE | A SEX CELL (SPERM OR EGG) CONTAINING HALF THE GENETIC MATERIAL OF THE PARENT |
| FERTILIZATION | THE FUSION OF MALE AND FEMALE GAMETES TO FORM A ZYGOTE |
| ZYGOTE | THE FIRST CLL OF A NEW ORGANISM FORMED WHEN SPERM AND EGG UNITE |
| GENETIC VARIATION | DIFFERENCES IN GENETIC MATERIAL AMONG INDIVIDUALS OF A SPECIES |
| ALLELE | A DIFFERENT FORM OF A GENE; ORGANISMS INHERIT ONE ALLELE FROM EACH PARENT |
| GENOTYPE | THE GENETIC MAKEUP OF AN ORGANISM (REPRESENTED BY LETTERS) |
| PHENOTYPE | THE OBSERVABLE TRAITS OR PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF AN ORGANISM |
| DOMINANT TRAIT | A TRAIT THAT MASKS THE EXPRESSION OF ANOTHER TRAIT WHEN BOTH ARE PRESENT (REPRSENTED BY A CAPITAL LETTER) |
| RECESSIVE TRAIT | A TRAIT THAT IS HIDDEN WHEN A DOMINANT ALLELE IS PRESENT (REPRESENTED BY A CAPITAL LETTER) |
| HOMOZYGOUS | HAVING TWO IDENTICAL ALLELES FOR A TRAIT (AA or aa) |
| HETEROZYGOUS | HAVING TWO DIFFERENT ALLELES FOR A TRAIT (Aa) |
| PUNNETT SQUARE | A DIAGRAM USED TO PREDICT POSSIBLE GENETIC OUTCOMES OF A CROSS |
| PROBABILITY | THE LIKLIHOOD THAT A PARTICULAR GENTETIC OUTCOME WILL OCCUR |
| MENDELIAN GENETICS | THE STUDY OF INHERITANCE PATTERS BASED ON GREGOR MENDEL'S PRINCIPLES |
| INHERITED TRAIT | A CHARACTERISTIC PASSED FROM PARENT TO OFFSPRING THROUGH GENES |
| ACQUIRED TRAIT | A CHARACTERISTIC GAINED THROUGH EXPERIENCE OR ENVIRONMENT, NOT INHERITED GENETICALLY |
Created by:
dougteach65
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