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Unit 9 Biology
GENETIC ENGINEERING
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Humans have ______ pairs of chromosomes | 23 |
| These are composed of condensed DNA and protein and contain a different set of genes based on DNA | CHROMOSOMES |
| Segments of DNA that code for a protein or RNA molecule | GENES |
| Causes a mutation/change in only 1 gene on a chromosome | GENE MUTATION |
| Causes a mutation/change in the entire chromosome | CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION |
| One base is used in place of another and only affects one nucleotide | SUBSTITUTION |
| One or more bases are added to the DNA sequence and can cause a frameshift mutation | INSERTION |
| One or more DNA bases are removed from the genetic code | DELETION |
| This enzyme is used to break DNA at a specific base sequence | RESTRICTION ENZYME |
| DNA from 2 different organisms | RECOMBINANT DNA |
| Small circular pieces of DNA found in bacterial cells that are used for recombinant DNA practices to transform the bacteria with an inserted gene of scientist chose | PLASMIDS |
| The presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell | ANEUPLOIDY |
| Scientists who wanted to see which part of the virus entered the bacterial cell, the protein coat or the DNA core | HERSHEY & CHASE |
| Scientist who wanted to find out which molecule in the heat-killed bacteria was most important for transformation | OSWALD AVERY |
| A nonliving infectious agent | VIRUS |
| Virus Structure | NUCLEIC ACID, CAPSID |
| The process by which one type of bacteria had been changed permanently into another | TRANSFORMATION |
| Heating DNA to break bonds holding together the two DNA strands | DENATURING |
| Another name for Gene Mutations, occurs at a single point along the DNA sequence | POINT MUTATION |
| This occurs when one nucleotide base is removed from the genetic code | FRAMESHIFT MUTATION |
| This is caused by having 3 chromosome 21s instead of the normal 2 | TRISOMY 21 (DOWN SYNDROME) |
| This shows the presence or absence of a trait | PEDIGREE |
| _______________ means that the gene is on a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (1-22) | AUTOSOMAL |
| ___________________ means that the gene is on the X sex chromosome | SEX LINKED TRAIT |
| Males are represented by | SQUARES |
| Females are represented by | CIRCLES |
| If the shape is colored in then | INDIVIDUAL HAS TRAIT |
| If the shape is not colored in then | INDIVIDUAL DOES NOT HAVE THE TRAIT |
| If the shape is half shaded then | IT IS A CARRIER |
| This shows the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size | KARYOTYPE |
| Full set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA | GENOME |
| Chromosomes 1-22, contains most of the genes that code for most body functions | AUTOSOMES |
| Chromosome 23 contains the X and Y, and responsible for determining sex | SEX CHROMOSOMES |
| Females are | XX |
| MALES are | XY |
| This separates the strands of DNA based on size | GEL ELECTROPHORESIS |
| This is used to make many copies of a gene | POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) |
| Which radioactive substance entered the bacterial cell during the Hershey & Chase experiment | DNA |
| What did Avery treat the mixture extracted from the heat-killed S strain with | ENZYMES |
| When the gene is on chromosomes 1-22 and is dominant | AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT TRAIT |
| When the gene is on chromosomes 1-22 and is recessive | AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TRAIT |
| When the gene is on chromosome 23 (X) | SEX-LINKED TRAIT |
Created by:
jlelliott
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