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Bio20UnitBDiseases
| Disease | Information | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atherosclerosis | Narrowing of arteries, chest pain, fatigue, possible clot formation | A buildup of fatty plaques (cholesterol and other substances) inside arterial walls that restricts blood flow | Lifestyle changes, medications (statins), angioplasty, or surgery | High cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and poor diet |
| Varicose veins | Swollen, twisted veins (often in legs), aching, heaviness | Enlarged veins caused by faulty valves leading to blood pooling in the legs | Compression stockings, exercise, surgery or laser therapy | Weak or damaged vein valves, standing long periods, pregnancy, obesity |
| Aneurysm | Local bulging of a blood vessel wall, may rupture without warning | A weak spot in an artery that balloons outward and can burst, causing internal bleeding | Surgery to repair or reinforce vessel, blood pressure control | High blood pressure, atherosclerosis, genetic factors, trauma |
| Heart attack (Myocardial infarction) | Chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea | Blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, causing tissue death | Immediate medical treatment, angioplasty, medication, lifestyle changes | Atherosclerosis, blood clot, high cholesterol, smoking |
| Stroke | Sudden weakness, paralysis, confusion, difficulty speaking or seeing | Interruption of blood flow to the brain (ischemic) or bleeding into brain tissue (hemorrhagic) | Clot-dissolving drugs, surgery, rehabilitation | Blocked artery, blood clot, ruptured blood vessel, hypertension |
| Pulmonary embolism | Sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing up blood | A blockage in a pulmonary artery due to a blood clot that traveled to the lungs | Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, surgery, compression stockings | Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), immobility, surgery, genetics |
| Heart murmur | Abnormal whooshing sound during heartbeat due to turbulent blood flow | Irregular blood flow through heart valves, may be harmless or indicate a defect | Monitoring, surgery, or medications depending on cause | Valve defects, septal holes, fever, rheumatic heart disease |
| Septal hole (Atrial/Ventricular septal defect) | Fatigue, poor growth, heart murmur, shortness of breath | A hole in the wall dividing the heart’s chambers, allowing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood | Surgical repair or closure devices | Congenital heart defect (present at birth) |
| Angina | Chest pain or discomfort during exertion or stress | Reduced blood flow to heart muscle without full blockage | Rest, nitroglycerin, beta-blockers, angioplasty | Atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease |
| Congestive heart failure | Fatigue, shortness of breath, fluid buildup (edema) | Heart’s pumping ability is weakened, leading to poor circulation and fluid accumulation | Medications (diuretics, ACE inhibitors), lifestyle changes, surgery | High blood pressure, coronary artery disease, past heart attack |
| Hemophilia | Prolonged bleeding, easy bruising, joint pain or swelling | Inherited disorder where blood doesn’t clot properly due to missing clotting factors | Clotting factor replacement therapy, gene therapy | Inherited genetic mutation on the X chromosome |
| Leukemia | Fatigue, fever, frequent infections, bruising, weight loss | Cancer of blood-forming tissues causing abnormal white blood cell production | Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, bone marrow transplant | Genetic mutations, radiation, chemicals, unknown in many cases |
| Anemia (Iron deficiency) | Fatigue, pale skin, dizziness, shortness of breath | Low red blood cell or hemoglobin levels reducing oxygen transport | Iron supplements, diet changes, treating blood loss | |
| Anemia (Sickle-cell) | Pain crises, fatigue, infections, delayed growth | Genetic disorder where red blood cells become sickle-shaped and block blood flow | Pain management, blood transfusions, medications (hydroxyurea) | |
| HIV/AIDS | Fatigue, weight loss, frequent infections, immune suppression | Virus that attacks and destroys helper T-cells, weakening the immune system | Antiretroviral therapy (ART), infection prevention | |
| Hypertension | Usually asymptomatic, headaches, nosebleeds in severe cases | Chronically high blood pressure against artery walls | Medications, diet and lifestyle changes, exercise | |
| Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 | Increased thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, fatigue | Autoimmune disorder destroying insulin-producing cells in the pancreas | Insulin injections, blood sugar monitoring, diet management | |
| Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 | Increased thirst, fatigue, frequent urination, blurred vision, slow healing | Body cells become resistant to insulin or insufficient insulin production | Lifestyle changes, oral medications, insulin if needed | Poor diet, obesity, lack of exercise, genetics |
| Diabetes Mellitus Gestational | High blood sugar during pregnancy, often no symptoms | Temporary diabetes during pregnancy that can affect baby’s growth | Diet control, exercise, insulin if needed | Hormonal changes during pregnancy, insulin resistance |
| Diabetes Insipidus | Excessive thirst and urination, dehydration | Condition where kidneys fail to conserve water due to lack or resistance to ADH | ADH medication (desmopressin), hydration management | Deficiency of ADH or kidney resistance to it |
| Kidney Stones | Severe flank pain, blood in urine, nausea, frequent urination | Hard deposits of minerals and salts forming in kidneys | Increased fluids, pain relief, lithotripsy, surgery | Low water intake, high salt or oxalate diet, genetics |
| Asthma | Wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath | Inflammatory disease of airways causing constriction and mucus production | Inhalers (bronchodilators, corticosteroids), avoiding triggers | Allergies, pollution, genetics, respiratory infections |
| Bronchitis | Cough, mucus production, fatigue, chest discomfort | Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often viral or bacterial | Rest, fluids, antibiotics (if bacterial), bronchodilators | Viral infection, smoking, air pollutants |
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome | Difficulty breathing, low oxygen levels, especially in newborns | Lack of surfactant in lungs causing alveoli collapse | Surfactant replacement therapy, oxygen support, mechanical ventilation | Premature birth, underdeveloped lungs |
| Pleurisy | Sharp chest pain worsening with breathing, cough | Inflammation of the pleural membranes surrounding the lungs | Anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics (if bacterial), rest | Infection, pneumonia, injury, autoimmune disorders |
| Emphysema | Chronic cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, fatigue | Lung disease where alveoli walls are destroyed, reducing gas exchange | No cure; managed with bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, smoking cessation | Smoking, air pollution, genetic factors |
| Smoking and Lung Cancer | Persistent cough, chest pain, weight loss, coughing up blood | Uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue | Chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, quitting smoking | |
| Tuberculosis | Persistent cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss | Bacterial infection (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that affects lungs | Antibiotic therapy (long-term) | |
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