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Science Sem. 2
flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Force | When an energy is applied. It can sometimes cause a change. |
| The more energy applied, | The greater the force produced. |
| Three types of forces | Push, pull and twist. |
| Accelerate | Making something speed up. |
| Decelerate | Making something slow down. |
| Forces can cause change by: | Making something accelerate, decelerate, change direction or change shape. |
| Newtons | Unit of measurement for forces. |
| Arrows | Shows the direction of where the force is applied. |
| Length of arrows | Show the size of the force. |
| Balanced forces | When the forces of an object cancel each other out. (Arrows must be in opposite directions) |
| Constant Motion | Not speeding up or slowing down. |
| Net force | The overall force acting on an object when all individual forces are combined. |
| Support | The upward force exerted by a surface on an object to counteract gravity, also known as the normal force. |
| Air resistance | The force of friction that opposes the motion of an object moving through air. |
| Thrust | The force that pushes an object forward. |
| Friction | The force that opposes an object's motion. |
| Gravity | A downwards force that causes things to fall down towards the centre of the earth. Force of attraction. |
| Buoyancy | The upward force exerted by a fluid (liquid or gas) that opposes the weight of an object immersed in it. |
| Spring balance | Measures forces using a spring that gets stretched. |
| Scale | Measures forces using a spring that gets squashed/compressed. |
| Inertia | The tendency to resist a change in motion. |
| Newton's first law of motion | Anything that is at rest will stay at rest unless a force makes it move. Anything that is moving will stay moving in the same direction unless a force makes it change. |
| The heavier the object, the more... | Friction |
| Traction/grip | Will help you push forward when you walk. |
| Unwanted side-effects of friction | Wear and tear and production of heat |
| Gravity acts in an area called... | A gravitational field |
| All objects have gravity, but only ___ have gravity that is noticeable | Really big objects |
| Centre of gravity/mass | The point where all mass is concentrated in an object. Usually in the middle. |
| Mass | How much stuff is packed into an object. |
| Weight | How much gravitational force is applied to an object. |
| Mass is measured in... | Grams/kilograms |
| Weight is measured in... | Newtons |
| Weight formula | Weight = mass x gravity |
| The speed of falling depends on ___, not the mass of an object | Surface area |
| The more surface area the more ___, so the slower the object falls | Air resistance |
| Terminal velocity | When an object's falling speed matches the force of air resistance. |
| When an object reaches terminal velocity, it falls at a ___ | Constant speed |
| The four forces acting on an aircraft to keep it up in the air: | Air resistance, air resistance, gravity, thrust. |
| Machine | A device that makes a physical job easier to do. |
| Main six machines | Pulley, lever, wheel and axle, wedge, inclined plane, screw |
| Work formula | Work = force x distance |
| If you increase the distance, | The force needed decreases. |
| Force multiplier | Machines that allow a small input force to produce a larger output force. |
| Speed multiplier | Machines that help us move things faster. |
| Input force | Force you apply to the machine to do work. |
| Output force | Force the machine applies to do work |
| Levers use a ___ to reduce effort, or to increase speed or accuracy | Turning effect and increasing distance |
| Effort | The force applied to the lever. |
| Fulcrum | The turning point of the lever. |
| Load | The resisting force on a lever. |
| Acronym to differentiate lever classes | FLE - 123 |
| Mechanical advantage formula | Mechanical advantage = load / effort |
| Special type of lever | A wheel turning on an axle |
| Gears | Produced from adding teeth to wheels. Lock together to form a chain of turning wheels. |
| In a force multiplier, the driving gear is ___ than the driven gear | Smaller |
| In a speed multiplier, the driving gear is ___ than the driven gear | Bigger |
| Pulley | A special type of wheel and axle that decreases effort when lifting a load by increasing distance. |
| Ramp | A machine that reduces the force needed to do a job by increasing distance. |
| Screw | Uses an inclined plane so it's easier to turn into another object. |
| Wedge | Reduces the force needed to cut through objects. |
| Force is applied to the ___ end of a wedge, applying equal force to either side of the wedge | Thick |
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