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Evolution Grimes
This stack is how plants, animals, and us have changed through evolution!
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| A permanent change in one's DNA sequence. | Mutation |
| A bad mutation _____ survival rate, while a good mutation _____ survival rate. A mutation that has no effect is usually _____. | Decreases, Increases, Neutral |
| Mutations increase... | Variations |
| What term leads to ADAPTATIONS by introducing new genetic VARIATIONS that can be beneficial - allowing organisms to survive longer. | Mutation |
| Substitution | A base of DNA is switched out for a non-matching base (Ex: Sickle Cell Anemia [A-C]) |
| Insertion | A base pair with extra bases (Ex: Huntington Disease [A-TT]) |
| Deletion | When a section of DNA is lost/deleted (Ex: DiGeorge Syndrome has no Chromosome 22) |
| Frameshift | The coding of DNA is altered (Ex: Cystic Fibrosis [ATC is read as CAT instead]) |
| Species change to become better suited for their environment. | Natural Selection |
| What are the two types of selection? | Natural and artificial |
| How quickly does natural selection occur? | Over generations |
| Adaptations | Any alteration to the structure, function, or behavior of an organism resulting from natural selection |
| Extinction | A species dies out |
| What are 3 ways a mutation can happen? | Random errors during DNA application, exposure to radiation, or chemicals |
| Mutations in the body cells of an organism _____ be passed on to offspring, while a mutation in sex cells _____ be passed on. | Won't, will |
| Examples of natural selection: Finch variants have developed different beaks adapted to eating different types of food in different parts of the world in order to survive. | Ex of N.S.: Giraffes with short necks eat leaves on bottom tree branches. They share with other animals who can reach them, making food scarce. Giraffes have since developed longer necks to access food on the top of trees, where other animals cannot reach |
| What 3 situations might happen when a habitat changes? | Some organisms survive and reproduce, some move out or into the transformed habitat, and some die. |
| Evolution | A process when living things change over time. |
| Charles Darwin | A naturalist who developed the Theory of Natural Selection. |
| Traits that help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment. | Adaptation |
| What term means the total number of the same species living or interacting in the same area? | Population |
| Homologous Structure | Body parts in different species that have SIMILAR structures but DIFFERENT functions. |
| Vestigial Structure | Body parts that have lost their original function(s) through evolution (Ex: Wisdom teeth, appendix) |
| Process where related organisms have different traits | Divergent Evolution |
| Process where unrelated organisms have SIMILAR traits (Ex: Wings are found in bats and birds, but they are NOT related) | Convergent Evolution |
| Analogous Structure | Body parts in different species that have SIMILAR functions but WITHOUT a common ancestor (Ex: Birds and butterflies both have wings but are not related) |
| Embryology | Study of the development of an embryo (Ex: Mostly humans and pigs, but also lizards and tortoises) |
| Genetic traits passed down through DNA | Inherited |
| Traits GAINED after birth | Acquired Traits |
| Humans intentionally breed organisms with desired traits (Ex: How most dogs are bred for certain qualities [Longer noses, curly fur, | Artificial Selection |
| What are the 4 parts of natural selection? | Competition, variation, over reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" |
| Preserved remains of animals are called... | Fossils |
| What's another phrase for Natural Selection? | Survival of the fittest |
| Population | Group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific area |
| Another word for adapt is... | Change |
| Who has a better chance at survival: A dark moth on a tree, or a light moth? | Dark, so it is not seen by predators |
| Examples of behavioral adaptations: Hibernation in bears, geese flying south for the winter every year, wolves traveling in packs | Examples of physical adaptations: Beak shape for food, camouflage for safety, webbed feet for swimming |
| Acquired Traits are _____ while inherited traits you get from _____. | Learned/obtained, your parents |
| Phenotype | An organism's PHYSICAL appearance. Remember, they both start with PH. |
Created by:
Miss_Michaela
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