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Cell Cycle
ch 12 bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are sister chromatids? how many are present for every, one chromosome | exact copies of DNA strands made during replication 2(1 or each side of a chromosome) |
| What phase is the longest in the cell cycle and what is it describe it's parts | Interphase, g1 -cell growth, s phase-chromosome duplication, g2 phase-prepares divides into two genetic materials are dispersed in the nucleus as long strands of chromatin |
| In what phase does DNA get replicated letter connection | s phase, s stands for sister |
| what's the miotic phase, name it's parts | mitosis- the distribution of duplicated chromosomes to two daughter cells and cytokinesis - the division of the cytoplasm parts are- prophase, prometaphase, , metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| What's prophase 2 things | sister chromatids form and the miotic spindle develops through the microtubular organization center, the centrosome |
| What's prometaphase 2 things | beak down of the nuclear envelope and the attachment of spindle fibers to the kinetochore of sister chromatids centromeres nucleus disappears |
| What's a centromere | the region of repeated DNA sequences where sister chromatids attach contains the kinetochores |
| What's metaphase and how does it happen | alignment of chromosomes at the center of a cell for perfect division this is done using spindle fibers which push and pull |
| What's Anaphase, what causes it , what the condition | Sister chromatids separated by spindle fibers evenly Cohesions that keep chromatids together are separated by the enzyme seperase Cannot begin till all chromosomes are attached to a spindle at the kinetochore |
| What's telophase, | New cell is formed and settles Chromatids turn to chromatin and eventually become chromosomes |
| How do chromatins turn into chromones | chromatins are condensed and coiled tightly |
| What's tubulin, what's it does in cell division and why does that matter , what sits bigger version | a structural and functional protein responsible for spindle formation spindles are responsible for chromosome movement which align them properly for cell division microtubules tublin for transportation |
| What's actin, what it does, why does it matter whets its bigger version | a movement and cell shape protein, drives movement and cell pinching cytokinesis and proper cell division microfilaments Actin for action and movement |
| What's cytokinesis, animal vs plant | division of the cytoplasm Cleavage- animal cells. furrow is the site of division Plant cells have a cell plate formed during telophase formed through materials sent in vesicle from Golgi that merge together |
| What's binary fission, steps, its involved how many chromosome copies | asexual reproduction in prokaryotes Origin of replication, cell stretches-> chromosomes move bs of actin ->Polymerization prompts this separation-> Actin then cause the plasma membrane to pinch inward -> separation single chromosome copy |
| Origin of replication | kickstarts binary fission and produces two copies of genetic information of a prokaryotic ce |
| Genome | the thing that has all genetic information coding information for DNA |
| • Chromosomes | One long pair of DNA double Helix |
| Chromatin | the building material of chromosomes |
| o Chromosome arms | p arm shorter q arm longer |
| how many chromosomes does each pears have, # and pair # how many from each parent | o Each person has 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs 23 from each parent |
| What are gametes, how many chromones do they have | sex cells 23 chromosomes |
| What does radiation do to cells | o Radiation meses up the genetic coding- breaking DNA strands o Mess up cellular function o Damage can trigger apoptosis |
| MPF is, for what, does what | Maturation -promoting factor or m-phase factor, a cdk protein for g2 phase to m phase transition, phosphorylates proteins to start S phase |
| tyrosine kinases are | kinases that phosphorylate tyrosine proteiins |
| Nuclear pores are, do what | protein lined channels of the nuclear envelope, control molecule exchange between the nucleus and the cytoplasm |
| PDGFs are | platlet drived growth fcator proteins are signaling molecules |
| Cancer cells, don't need, do what, gone through, don't what | GFPs, divide randomly a uncontrollably, can travel through the, blood stream and spread unlike other abnormal cells, done through transformation do not exhibit density dependent inhibition |
| Miotic spindle | microtubules and microfibers that help in alignment and chromosome division • Formed during the prophase • Like a web in circular form o Goes through vertically not horizontally •exert push and pull tension which cause the movement of chromosomes |
Created by:
jbrow52
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