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Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polar Molecule | A molecule with one positive pole and one negative pole (ex: water) |
| Hydrogen Bond | The positive hydrogens and negative oxygen of a water molecule allow it to bond with other molecules |
| Cohesion | When water molecules bond to each other |
| Adhesion | When water molecules bond to other molecules |
| Capillary Action | Cohesion and adhesion working together for many important processes in nature (ex: transporting water in xylem of plant) |
| Surface Tension | Water molecules bonded together do not easily come apart/resist breaking, gives it high surface tension |
| Acids | Taste sour, pH level of 0-6 (ex: curd, lemon juice, vinegar, fruit, coffee) |
| Bases | Taste bitter, slippery to touch, pH level of 8-14 (ex: blood, soap, broccoli, bleach) |
| pH scale | How acids and bases are measured, 0-14 where 7 is neutral. Acids are below 7, bases are above 7 |
| Neutral | pH of 7 (ex: pure water, salt) |
| Metals | Luster (shiny), malleable, conductors, ductile, majority of the periodic table |
| Nonmetals | Dull, insulators, brittle, on the right-hand side of the periodic table |
| Metalloids | Semi-conductors, properties of both metals & nonmetals, ladder staircase between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table |
| Molecule | ANY two or more atoms bonded together (can be the same OR different) |
| Compound | Two or more DIFFERENT types of atoms bonded together (must be more than one element present!) |
| Subscript | The number of atoms for the element directly in front of it |
| Coefficient | The number of molecules |
| Chemical Formula | Shows the number and kinds of atoms that make up a molecule |
| Atom | The smallest unit of matter |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | Matter is neither created nor destroyed |
| Chemical equation | Reactants react to product products (atoms are rearranged to form new substances) - used to represent chemical reactions |
| Reactant | What reacts in a chemical reaction (what goes in) |
| Product | What forms in a chemical reaction (what comes out) |
| Pure substances | Elements and compounds |
| Element | ONE type of atom, cannot be separated into smaller parts |
| Compound | TWO OR MORE types of atoms bonded together. Can be separated into smaller parts by chemical means |
| Heterogeneous mixture | Two or more molecules that are not evenly mixed in a solution - EASY to separate |
| Homogeneous mixture | Two or more molecules that are evenly distributed in a solution - HARD to separate |
| Solute | The minor part of a solution, dissolved in a solvent |
| Solvent | The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution |
Created by:
anjali.soni
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