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Bio-Test(1)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ionic Bond | an electron transferred from one to another atom. Then the two ions form bond |
| Covalent Bond | shared electrons. because similar to identical electronegativity |
| dipole interaction | permanent partial pos. part of one polar mol. is attracted to partial neg. part of another polar mol. |
| hydrogen bond | partial pos. hydrogen particle is electrically attracted to partial neg. particle of another molecule |
| Solution | homogenius liquid mixture. solvent and solute |
| Solvent | dissolving agent in solution |
| solute | dissolved in solution |
| Ionic Bond | an electron transferred from one to another atom. Then the two ions form bond |
| Water is good solvent for... | polar molecules |
| Covalent Bond | shared electrons. because similar to identical electronegativity |
| Water is poor solvent for... | nonpolar molecules |
| dipole interaction | permanent partial pos. part of one polar mol. is attracted to partial neg. part of another polar mol. |
| Acids | proton donors. (H+) |
| hydrogen bond | partial pos. hydrogen particle is electrically attracted to partial neg. particle of another molecule |
| Bases | proton acceptor |
| Solution | homogenius liquid mixture. solvent and solute |
| Solvent | dissolving agent in solution |
| solute | dissolved in solution |
| Water is good solvent for... | polar molecules |
| Water is poor solvent for... | nonpolar molecules |
| Acids | proton donors. (H+) |
| Bases | proton acceptor |
| amino acids | weakly basic |
| suflhydryl | nonpolar |
| hydroxl | polar |
| cabonyl | polar |
| carboxyl | weakly acidic |
| phosphate group | weakly acidic |
| structural isomers | vary which atom is binded where |
| geometric isomers | arrangement w/ double bond |
| Cis geo. isomer | two chemical interest on same side |
| Phosphodieter bond | phosphate group from one nucleotide is bonded with a 5 Carbon sugar from another |
| trans geo. isomer | two chemical interest on different side |
| Peptide Bond | carboxyl group from one amino acid bonds with an amino group from another amino acid |
| enantiomers | mirror image |
| Secondary structure of proteins | regular folding or coiling of polypeptide (results from H bonding between the Carboxyl O of one amino acid and the amino H of another amino acid |
| dehydration synthesis | creates H20 |
| Hydrolysis | H2O is reactant |
| monosaccharides | break down for energy |
| polysaccharides | energy storage |
| Phosphodieter bond | phosphate group from one nucleotide is bonded with a 5 Carbon sugar from another |
| Peptide Bond | carboxyl group from one amino acid bonds with an amino group from another amino acid |
| Primary structure of proteins | sequence of amino acids in polypeptides |
| phospholipds. | cell membrane. |
| Secondary structure of proteins | regular folding or coiling of polypeptide (results from H bonding between the Carboxyl O of one amino acid and the amino H of another amino acid |
| components of phospholipds | polar head: phosphate group, glycerol. nonpolar tails:2 fatty acids |
| Tertiary Structure of proteins | irregular folding. results from bonding of R groups of two amino acids |
| Bacteria and Archaea | prokaryotes |
| Quaternary Structure | spacial arrangement of polypeptides to one another |
| Lipids: 3 types | substances poorly solvant in water. Fats, Phospholipids, steroids |
| saturated fat | all C-C single bonds. straight |
| unsaturated fat | at least one C=C double bond. kinked at double bond) |
| Rough ER. vs. Smooth ER | rough-protein synthesis and modification. smooth-synthesis for fatty acids and phospholipids |
| phospholipds. | cell membrane. |
| Golgi Apparatus | a stack of flattened membranous sacks |
| components of phospholipds | polar head: phosphate group, glycerol. nonpolar tails:2 fatty acids |
| lysosomes | membranous sack of enzymes. used for digestion |
| Bacteria and Archaea | prokaryotes |
| Vacuoles | storage function |
| Eukarya | eukaryotes |
| Mitochondria | cellular respiration |
| nuclear envelope | double membrane. allows stuff to pass through nuclear pores |
| ATP 3 components | 5-C sugar: ribose, 3 phosphate groups, A-nitrogenous base |
| endoplamic reticulum | network of membranous tubules and compartments. attacted to N.E. |
| Cristae | folds of inner membrane |
| intermembranous space | space between inner and outter |
| matrix | space inclosed in inner membrane |
| Rough ER. vs. Smooth ER | rough-protein synthesis and modification. smooth-synthesis for fatty acids and phospholipids |
| chloroplasts | plant cells, double membrane-both smooth |
| Golgi Apparatus | a stack of flattened membranous sacks |
| stroma | space inside inner membrane |
| lysosomes | membranous sack of enzymes. used for digestion |
| Vacuoles | storage function |
| Mitochondria | cellular respiration |
| ATP 3 components | 5-C sugar: ribose, 3 phosphate groups, A-nitrogenous base |
| Cristae | folds of inner membrane |
| intermembranous space | space between inner and outter |
| matrix | space inclosed in inner membrane |
| chloroplasts | plant cells, double membrane-both smooth |
| stroma | space inside inner membrane |
| thylakoid | flat membranous sacks in stroma |
| thylakoid lumen | space inside of thylakoid |
| granum | stack of thylakoids |
| light reactions | requires light. occur in thylakoid |
| dark reactions | doesnt need light but can work. occur in stroma |
| plasmadesata | channels that connect one interior of one plant cell to another |
| adhessive junctions | holds adjacent cells together |
| tight junctions | so tight, small molecules cannot pass |
| gap junctions | permits nonspecific passage of materials from interior of one cell to another. allows cells to be coupled. |
Created by:
lopez.melissam
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