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Chemistry Unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | The study of the compostion of matter and the changes that matter undergoes |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Mass | The amount of particles the object contains |
| Mass vs. weight | Mass is a quantity of particles but weight is a measure of the force with which gravity pulls a body toward the center of a planet. Weight will change while mass is constant |
| Volume | The measure if the space that matter takes up. Regulary-shaped solids: length x width x height Irregulaary shaped solids: water displacement (mL) |
| Symbol | One or two letters. 1st letter is always capitalized and 2nd letter is lowercase |
| Substance (Silver, water, sugar) | Matter that has a constant composition anywhere in the universe |
| Element | A substance that contains only one atom. Cannot be changed (decomposed by chemical changes |
| Diatomic elements (7) | Elements that are always in pairs. Hydrogen (H2) Idodine (I2) Nitrogen (N2) Chlorine (Cl2) Bromine (Br2) Oxygen (O2), Flourine (F2) |
| HINClBrOF | Horse Need Oats For Clear Brown Is |
| Compound | Substance formed when 2 or more different kinds of elements combine in a fixed ratio. Formed by chemical reactions. Can be broken apart by chemical changes. Water (H2O) carbon Dioxide (CO2) More than 1 capital letter |
| Mixtures | Physical blend of 2 or more components. Composition can very. Not chemically bonded together |
| Heterogeneous Mixtures | Mixture in which equal volumes have different compositions and you can see the different parts |
| Homogeneous Mixture | A mixture in which equal volumes have the same composition. You can't see the different parts |
| Solutions | Homogeneous mixtures that are made of solute and solvent |
| Solute | Part that gets dissolved |
| Solvent | Part that does the dissolving |
| Solid (s) | Definite shape and volume. Particles are packed tightly together and don't move |
| Liquid (l) | Indefinite shape and definite volume. Particles are closed contact but can flow and move |
| Gas (g) | Indefinite shape and volume. Particles,es are spaced out and in constant motion |
| Melt | Solid to liquid |
| Boiling | Liquid to gas |
| Condensing | Gas to liquid |
| Freeze | Liquid to solid |
| Deposition | Gas to Solid |
| Sublimation | Solid to Gas |
| Amorphous Solids | Solids that lack ordered strucutr |
| Crustalline (true, regular) Solids | Solids that are orderly, regular pattern, geometric |
| Strongest Force Of Attraction | When particles are close together - solid |
| Weakest Force Of Attraction | When the particles are far apart |
| Energy | Ability to do work |
| Potential Energy | Stored energy |
| Temperature | Measure of average kinetic energy. Hot stuff is faster than cold |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy of motion |
| Physical Property | Describes the properties of a substance that can be demonstrated without changing the composition |
| Solubility | The amount of solid that can be disolved |
| Soluble | Can be dissolved easily |
| Insoluble | Can't be dissolved easily |
| Luster | Shiny |
| Malleability | Ability to hammer into shape |
| Ductility | Ability to be drawn into a wire |
| Brittleness | Tendency to shatter (opposite of malleability) |
| Hardness | Resistance to change shape |
| Viscosity | Resistance to flow |
| Chemical Property | Describes how matter REACTS when it changes into another kind of substance. Heat/ light/ change in color |
| Physichal Changes | Composition of the material will not change. |
| Chemical Changes | The properties and the composition of the material changes |
| Chemical Reaction | One or more substances change into at least 1 new substance |
| Reactant | Starting Subsatnces (left of arrow) |
| Product | Formed Subsatnces right of arrow |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | Mass is not created or destroyed in any physical change or chemical reaction |
| Evaportation | When molecules in a liquid escape as a gas |
| Crystallization | Formation of solid crystals from a solution |
| Decanting | Pouring Off |
| Misicible | Two liquids that mix together |
| Immiscible | Two liquids that don't mix together |
| Filtration | Separates a solid from the liquid I a heterogeneous mixture |
| Filtrate | Substance that passes through the filter (liquid) |
| Reisude | Substance trapped by the filter (solid) |
| Magnetism | Used to separate a magnetic metal from nonmetallic stuff |
| Distillation | Used to separate a mixture of a liquid dissolved in a lqiuid |
| Distillate | Substance collected from the distillation |
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