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Chapter 7 - Biology

Study guide

QuestionAnswer
Acetyl CoA Acetyl Coenzyme A, molecule serves as a central metabolite in cellular respiration
Aerobic respiration with oxygen
Anaerobic cellular respiration without oxygen
ATP Energy source that is produced by cellular respiration
ATP synthase (enzyme) to form ATP
Chemiosmosis 32 to 34 atp are made through a process - H+ ion flow down their concentration gradient through atp synthase. H+ ion movement is used to make ATP
Citric acid cycle Two acetyl CoA will be broken down, all carbon atoms will be released as CO2, energy is released during this break down and used to produce FADH and NADH - makes 2 atp, 6 nadh, 2 fadh, 4 co2
De-Phosphorylation process of removing phosphate groups from a organic molecule, involve the addition of a water molecule
Electron carriers Molecules that bind and carry high-energy electrons in metabolic pathway
Energy Carriers electron carrier
FADH2 Flavin adenine dinucleotide, molecule serves has a coenzyme in energy production by transferring electrons to electron transport chain
Fermentation (alcohol and lactic acid) regenerate NAD+, allows glycolysis to continue - Alcohol produce ethanol and carbon dioxide as their by-products - lactic acid produced from pyruvate to allow more glycolysis and small ATP production as long as possible
Glucose energy to make more ATP comes from the metabolism of organic molecules
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, does not require oxygen, begins process of breaking down glucose
Matrix energy production and metabolic process
Mitochondria Organelle that uses molecules to make ATP
NADH Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, coenzyme role in cellular respiration by helping convert nutrients into ATP or energy
Oxidative phosphorylation NADH and FADH are oxidized (donate electrons to ETC) Final electron acceptor of the ETC is oxygen 1st part moves down the ETC Chemiosmosis occurs due to H+ ion gradient
Oxidation of Pyruvate 2 pyruvates from glycolysis enter the mitochondrial matrix each pyruvate is oxidized into an Acetyl CoA (2 carbon each) 2 NADH are made, 2 Co2 are released
Oxidation reaction when a molecule loses an electron it is oxidized
Pyruvate three-carbon compound
Redox Reaction combination of oxidation and reduction reaction
Reduction reaction when a molecule gains an electron, it is reduced
Created by: Khanlena
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