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DNA & RNA

TermDefinition
Nucleic acids definition Macromolecules found in all cells
Two main types of nucleic acids DNA RNA
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA Ribonucleic acid
Nucleic acids functions Make protein Control cell activities Store & transmit genetic material
What DNA & RNA are composed of Nucleotides
What are nucleotides? Small building blocks
Three parts of a nucleotide 1. 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) 2. Nitrogenous base 3. A phosphate
What sugar DNA nucleotides contain Deoxyribose sugar
The four nitrogenous bases Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine
How nucleotides bond Complementary base pairing
Base that Adenine bonds with Thymine
How many hydrogen bonds connect Adenine and Thymine? 2 hydrogen bonds
Base that cytosine bonds with Guanine
How many hydrogen bonds connect Cytosine and Guanine? 3 hydrogen bonds
Poly nucleotide chain Long chain if nucleotides
Purine bases Adenine and Guanine
Pyramidine bases Cytosine and Thymine
Appearance of DNA Two polynucleotide chains joined together by hydrogen bonds according to the base pair rule
Double helix shape Two polynucleotide chains twisted around each other
Nobel winning Scientists that proposed the double helix model Watson and Crick
Location of nuclear DNA in a cell Nucleus of the cell
Location of non nuclear DNA in a cell Mitochondria Chloroplasts
Function of DNA Stores the genetic code needed to make proteins in a cell
Gene definition Section of DNA that codes for a specific protein
Non-coding DNA Other sections of DNA that do not code for a protein Aka junk DNA
What chromosomes are made up of DNA and protein
Amount of chromosomes humans have 46
Karyotype definition Number and appearance of chromosomes in a somatic cell
Locus The position or location of a gene on a chromosome
Codons Three bases that form a code for one amino acid
How does the genetic code work in a gene? The sequence of bases determines the sequence of amino acids in the polynucleotide chains joined together of protein.
4 steps of DNA profiling 1. Isolate the DNA 2. Cut the DNA 3. Separate the DNA fragments 4. Analyse the pattern of bands
Uses of DNA profiling Solving crimes Paternity suits
Another member of the Nucleic acids RNA
sugar RNA contains Ribose sugar
Number of strands in RNA Single stranded
Base that replaces Thymine in RNA Uracil
Base Uracil binds to Adenine
The type of base uracil is Pyrimadine
Three types of RNA 1. mRNA 2. tRNA 3. rRNA
mRNA Messenger RNA
tRNA Transfer RNA
rRNA Ribosomal RNA
Function of RNA Protein synthesis
Function of mRNA Copies the DNA base code (transcription) Carries the genetic code out of the Nucleus to a ribosome
Function of tRNA Transports an amino acid to a ribosome
Location of tRNA molecules in a cell Cytoplasm
Function of rRNA Helps mRNA attach to a ribosome
What ribosomes are made of rRNA
DNA replication The process of making a copy of DNA
Importance of DNA replication Sexual reproduction Growth of an organism
When DNA replication occurs in the life cycle of a cell Interphase
Steps in DNA replication - step 1 Double helix unwinds Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds and separates the DNA strands
Catabolic Enzyme in DNA replication Helicase
Steps in DNA replication- step 2 Free DNA nucleotides enter the nucleus from the cytoplasm The nucleotides align themselves to each template strand according to the rules of base pairing. DNA polymerase links the nucleotides together, forming two new strands
Anabolic enzyme in DNA replication DNA polymerase
Steps of DNA replication- step 3 Each new strand of DNA coils around a template strand, forming two double helixes
Created by: EObrienHart
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