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Energy
Energy, Circuits, and Light
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical Energy | energy stored in chemical compounds between atoms and molecules (ex. battery) |
| Electrical Energy | energy that is absorbed or delivered by an electric circuit |
| Energy | the ability to do work |
| Light Energy | a form of energy which our eyes can detect |
| Thermal Energy | energy related to the temperature of an object or a substance |
| Mechanical Energy | energy of motion (can also be called kinetic energy) |
| Sound Energy | energy produced by vibrations |
| Transform | to change from one thing to another |
| Energy Transfer | when energy moves from one object to another, causing something to happen, like a ball bouncing or a domino falling |
| Rube Goldberg Machine | a complex contraption that uses a chain reaction to perform a very simple task in an overly complicated way |
| Motion | an object changing its position over time |
| Sound Waves | patterns of vibrating molecules caused by the movement of sound through a medium, like air, water, or solids |
| Vibration | rapid movements back and forth; can both be heard and felt |
| Absorb or Absorption | something takes in another substance |
| Battery | a device that stores and releases electricity by using a chemical reaction; has two sides, a positive and a negative |
| Circuit | a closed conducting circle or loop through which current can flow |
| Closed (complete or working) Circuit | a complete, uninterrupted path for electricity to flow, like a loop with no breaks |
| Open (incomplete or broken) circuit | an electrical circuit with a break in its path, so electricity cannot flow through it |
| Conductor | a material that allows heat or electricity to pass through it easily |
| Insulator | a material that doesn't let electricity or heat pass through it easily, acting like a barrier (wall) |
| Current | a flow of tiny electron particles through a conductor |
| Fuse | a safety device that protects electrical circuits from damage by stopping the flow of too much electricity |
| Parallel Circuit | a closed circuit in which the current divides into two or more paths |
| Series Circuit | consists of a single pathway through which electricity can flow |
| Switch | a device that controls the flow of electricity by making or breaking an electrical circuit |
| Potential Energy | stored energy that an object has because of its position or shape (for example: a bicycle at the top of a hill, a book held over your head, a stretched spring or rubber band) |
| Kinetic Energy | the energy of motion |
| Lens | a clear curved piece of material (as glass) used to bend the rays of light to form an image |
| Medium | the substance that waves, like sound, light, or water waves, travel through to transfer energy |
| Mirror | a piece of glass that reflects or bounces back images |
| Opaque | any material that does not let light pass through it at all, blocking it completely |
| Prism | a transparent object with flat, polished surfaces that refracts (bends) light; most often made of triangular glass or crystal |
| Reflection | the bouncing back of light rays from a surface |
| Refraction | the bending of light as it moves THROUGH one medium into another |
| Translucent | material lets SOME LIGHT pass through, but objects on the other side can't be seen clearly |
| Transmit | to pass something, like a wave or energy, THROUGH a substance or space; for example, light transmits THROUGH glass and sound waves transmit THROUGH a wall |
| Transparent | something is clear enough to see through, like a glass window |
| Color Spectrum | the group of different colors including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet seen when light passes through a prism and falls on a surface or when sunlight is affected by drops of water (as in a rainbow - ROYGBIV) |
| Concave Lens | curved inwards; makes objects look smaller than they really are |
| Convex Lens | curved outwards; makes objects look larger (magnified) than they really are |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
Science Sublett
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