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Bio 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| weather | day to day conditions of the atmosphere, including temperature, precipitation, and other factors |
| climate | average year to year conditions of temperature, precipitation in an area over a long period of time |
| microclimate | environmental conditions within a small area that differs significantly from the climate of the surrounding area |
| greenhouse effect | process in which certain gases (carbon dioxide, methane and water vaper) trap sunlight energy in earth's atmosphere |
| tolerance | ability of an organism to survive and reproduce under circumstances that differ from their optimal conditions |
| habitat | area where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it |
| niche | full range if physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions |
| resource | any neccesity if life such as water, nutrients, lights, food and space |
| completive exclusion principle | principle that states that no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time |
| predation | interaction in which one organism ( the predator)captures and feeds on another organism (the pray) |
| herbivory | interaction in which one animal (the herbivore) feeds on producers (such as plants) |
| keystone species | single species that is not usually abundant in a community yet exerts strong control on the structure of a community |
| symbiosis | relationship in which 2 species live close together |
| mutualism | symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship |
| parasitism | symbiotic relationship in which one organisms lives on or inside another organism and harms it |
| commensalism | symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
| ecological succession | series if gradual changes that occur in a community following a disturbance |
| primary succession | succession that occurs in an area in which no trace of a previous community is present |
| pioneer species | first species to populate an area during succesion |
| secondary succession | type of succession that occurs in a area that was only partly destroyed by disturbances |
| canopy | dense covering formed by the leafy tops |
| understory | layer in a rain forest found underneath the canopy formed by shorter trees and vines |
| deciduous | term used to refer to a type of tree they sheds its leaves during a particular season each year |
| coniferous | term used to refer to trees that produce seedbearing cones and have thin leaves shaped like needles |
| humus | material formed by from decaying leaves and other organic matter |
| taiga | biome with long cold winters and a few months of warm weather; dominated by coniferous evergreens; also called boreal forest |
| permafrost | layer of permanently melting frozen subsoil found in the tundra |
| photic zone | sunlight region found near the surface of the water |
| aphotic zone | dark layer of the ocean below the photic zone where sunlight does not penetrate |
| benthos | organisms that live attached to or near the bottom of lakes streams or oceans |
| plankton | microscopic organisms they live in aquatic environments, both include phytoplankton and zooplankton |
| wetland | ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface for at least part of the year |
| estuary | kind of wetland formed whare a river meets an ocean |
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