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Dynamic Earth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Crust | Hard, thin outer layer of the Earth |
| Mantle | The layer beneath the Crust, that is solid but can move due to tremendous heat and pressure, moving tectonic plates. |
| Outer Core | The only liquid, metal layer of the Earth's layers, and has not enough pressure to be solid. |
| Inner Core | The last layer, made up of a pure solid, iron ball. It spins faster than the Earth and it is as hot as the Sun. |
| Lithosphere | Rigid, brittle rock, made up of the crust and upper part of the Mantle. |
| Asthenosphere | Upper part of mantle, below lithosphere, and this is where tectonic plates move. |
| Geosphere | The rock part of our planet made up of 4 different layers. |
| Subduction Zone | When two crust collide and the denser crust goes underneath. |
| Order of the Earth's Layers | Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core |
| Continental Drift | Theory proposed by Alfred Wegner that the continents were once together in the supercontinent called Pangea |
| The 4 pieces of Evidence of the Continental Drift. | Puzzle like fit, Fossil evidence, Rock evidence, and Glacial evidence |
| As you travel further into the center of the Earth, the pressure ______________ | increases |
| What is the liquid metal layer? | Outer Core |
| What layer creates convection currents and what layer has moving plates. | Asthenosphere; Lithosphere |
| 3 reasons for heat in the earth's interior. | Collisions, Gravity, and Radioactive Decay. |
| Sea floor spreading | Magma comes out of the ridge and cools down, creating new crust, pushing away the old, existing crust. They get pushed under Continental crust called subduction, and moves continents. |
| What happens to older Oceanic crust. | It gets pushed away from the mid-ocean ridge. |
| What layer is the rock layer? | Crust |
| What layer causes the Earth's magnetic field? | Outer Core |
| What are the mechanical layers in order ( left to right is top to bottom ) | Continental Crust, Oceanic Crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer Core, Inner Core. |
| What is the name of the supercontinent 200 million years ago? | Pangea |
| How does the fossil evidence prove one part of the Continental Drift theory? | If the animal lived on different continents each, and the animal is not aquatic for an ocean, then that means the continents must have been together, proving the continents were once together. |
| How does glacial evidence also prove part of the CD theory. | Glacial evidence were found in hot places, like India, which only meant once upon a time, it was near the South Pole, connected to other continents. |
| How does convection currents work? | Density of mantle material is light, due to heat, and as it rises, it will reach the lithosphere, and when it hits the lithosphere, it cannot go any further, plus the mantle material cools down, so it reaches the core, and the cycle repeats. |
| On the sea-floor spreading sheet, what is C? | A deep-ocean trench, where subduction occurs when the continental plate collides with the oceanic plates. |
| What was the device used to map the ocean floor? | Sonar |
| Which is older, Continental rocks, or Oceanic rocks? | Continental rocks. |
| Do the rocks on the ocean floor change the alignment of the North and South Pole? | Yes, It tracks the changes of the magnetic alignment. |
| What is magnetic striping? | Magnetic striping is a pattern of alternating magnetic polarities in the oceanic crust, found on either side of mid-ocean ridges |
| A. What happens at Continental- continental convergent boundaries? B. What landforms does it create? C. What is one example of this? | A. Two continental crust collide into each other, buckle up, and pushed the crust up. B. It creates mountain ranges. C. Himalayan mountain range in India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Tibet China. |
| A. What happens at Continental-Oceanic convergent boundaries? B. Explain the subduction happening? C. What landform does it create? D. What is an example of this landform? | A. When the oceanic crust collides with continental crust. B. This causes the denser plate, oceanic plate to sink into the Earth's core again. C. This creates volcanic arcs and ocean trenches. D. Peru-Chile Trench. |
| What happens at Oceanic-Oceanic convergent boundaries? B. What landforms does it create? C. What are some examples? | A. When 2 oceanic crust collides into each other, the denser one sinks to the Earth's core. B. This creates Island Arcs. C. Aleutian Islands, Indonesia, Philippines, Caribbean are some of the things you could have said. |
| What is compression? | When two plates collide into each other. |
| What is tension? | When two plates try of separate from each other |
| What is shear stress? | When two plates slip along each other and slide, causing earthquakes. |
| A. What are divergent boundaries? B. 2 types of divergent boundaries? C. What is the pressure? D. Examples | A. Divergent boundaries are when 2 plates move away from each other. B. Oceanic- Oceanic and Continental-Continental. C. Compression, fault is tension. D. for oceanic, mid-ocean ridge, and for continental, East African Rift Valley. |
| What are convergent boundaries and what is the fault? | Convergent boundaries are when 2 plate will clash into each other, and that is a reverse fault, causing compression. This creates landforms like Mountain, trenches, Island arcs, volcanoes, etc. |
| What are transform boundaries, there fault and what does it create? | Transform boundaries are when 2 plate go parallel to each other in opposite directions, creating strike-slip faults, and this creates earthquakes. |
| What is the deep-ocean trench? | A trench in between a Continental and oceanic crust which is the subduction zone. |
| Mesosphere | It is the layer under the asthenosphere to the top of the inner core, or the rest of the Mantle. |
| How does rock evidence prove Alfred Wegners' theory? | A. The rock layers are a lot older than Pangea, and they line up when connected. |
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