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FandE quiz
Fluid and electrolytes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In an adult, fluid compromises of how much of total body weight? | 60% |
| The majority of body fluid is found in | intracellular. |
| Who contains the highest % of fluid? | Infant |
| Who contains the lowest % of fluid? | Elderly |
| Osmosis is the movement of what from area of low particle concentration to area of high particle concentration. | water |
| Which solutions exerts a higher osmotic pressure? Why? | D5NS -hypertonic solutions draw fluid into blood because of its higher concentration of particles. |
| The normal serum osmolality is | 280-295 mOsm/L |
| A dehydrated person’s osmolality will be | Increased |
| A dehydrated person’s osmolality will be increased. Why? | More solutes to fluids. |
| An overhydrated person’s osmolality will be | Decreased |
| An overhydrated person’s osmolality will be decreased. Why? | More fluids to less solutes |
| FVD | Fluid Volume Deficit |
| the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution | Solvent |
| WBC= | 5000-10000 |
| RBC= | 4-6 million/mcL |
| Hct(women)= | 37-47% |
| Hct (men)= | 42-52% |
| Hgb(women)= | 12-16% |
| Hgb(men)= | 14-18% |
| PLT= | 130000-400000/mcL |
| K+= | 3.5-5mEq/l |
| Na+= | 135-145mEq/l |
| Chloride= | 90-110mEq/l |
| Magnesium= | 1.7-2.6mEq/l |
| Calcium= | 8.5-10.5mg/dl |
| Glucose= | 70-110 mg/dl |
| Specific Gravity= | 1.010-1.025 |
| Serum Osmolarity= | 280-295 mOsm/kg or mOsm/L |
| BUN= | 7-21 mg/dl |
| Creatinine= | 0.6-1.3 mg/dl |
| Albumin= | 3.4-5 g/dl |
| Total Protein= | 6.4-8.2 g/dl |
| Liquid Found inside the Cells of the body | Intracellular |
| Liquid Found Outside the Cells of the body | Extracellular |
| Liquid Found between the Cells | Interstitial |
| Liquid Found inside the Blood Vessels | Intravascular |
| The small amount of Fluid found in special body spaces | Transcellular |
| Movement of Particles from high to low until equal | Diffusion |
| movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from low to high | Osmosis |
| Movement of a Substance using energy (ATP) | Active Transport |
| Fluid moves out of the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues due to hydrostatic pressure | Capillary Refill |
| Force exerted by a fluid pushing against the walls of a container or vessel (AKA The Pushing Force) | Hydrostatic Pressure |
| Pulling force created by proteins in the blood that draws water back into the blood vessels from surrounding tissues (AKA The Pulling Force) | Colloid Osmotic Pressure (oncotic Pressure) |
| water loss that leaves the body with out noticing | Insensible |
| water loss that leaves the body that you can see or smell | Sensible |
| Helps the body save water by making the kidney reabsorb more water instead of losing it in urine "Holding Onto Water" | Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) |
| Where is ADH produced | The Hypothalamus |
| What is the Primary Function of the Liver | Filtration and Regulation of F&E Balance |
| Sodium Retention leads to | Water Retention |
| Liquids that hold a Substance in Solution | Solvents |
| A decrease in renal perfusion triggers the release of | Renin |
| Renin converts Angiotensinogen ( from the liver) into | Angiotensin I |
| This enzyme converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II | ACE |
| Blood Vessel Constriction is Caused from | Angiotensin II |
| Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to release | Aldosterone |
| Aldosterone acts on the renal tubules to cause | Increased Sodium reabsorption, Increased K+ excertion, Incresased B/P and Blood Volume |
| 1L=x Lb= x Kg | 2.2, 1 |
| body looses more fluid than it takes in, Leading to dehydration | Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) |
| Body retains too much fluid leading to Edema, ANP kicks in | Fluid Volume Excess (FVE) |
| Elasticity of the skin, shows Dehydration | Skin Turgor |
| Fluid moves from the blood into the body paces where it is not easily available for use | Third Space |
| Swelling where Pressing on the skin leaves a temporary Dent | Pitting Edema |
| What is the main importance of Electrolytes in the body? | Helps Control fluid balance, nerve signals, and muscle function |
| What is the Sodium- Potassium Pump? | Cell membrane protein that moves Na+ out the cell and K+ into using ATP |
| what is the role of Na+ in the body? | regulate fluid balance, transmit nerve impulses, assist muscle contraction, maintain B/P |
| what is the role of K+ in the body? | Regulate heart and muscle function, help transmit nerve signals, maintain proper F&E balance, support normal cell function |
| what is the role of Magnesium in the body? | Support muscle and nerve function, help maintain steady heart beat, assist in ATP production, and enzyme activity, contribute to bone health |
| What is the most accurate way to measure fluids? | Daily Weight |
| Intravascular Fluid comprises what % of body weight? | 5% |
| Interstitial Fluid comprises what % of body weight? | 10-15% |
| Transcellular is | 1L of body weight |
| what is the primary source of fluids? | ingested liquids |
| what is the normal daily intake of fluids? | 2600mL |
| Thrist mechanism is the primary defense mechanism of what? | Dehydration |
| Kidneys normally filter how much of blood daily? | 180 L |
| When a person's B/P drops the kidneys respond by? | Secreting Renin |
| ANP | Atrial Natriuretic Peptide |
| Same Concentration of particles to plasma | Isotonic |
| Lesser concentration of particles than Plasma | Hypotonic |
| Greater concentration of particles than plasma | Hypertonic |
| Intake and Output should always be what to be balanced? | +/- 200 |
| Ice is how much of a full cup? | 1/2 |
| Low Sodium <135 | Hyponatremia |
| High Sodium >145 | hypernatremia |
| Low Potassium <3.5 | Hypokalemia |
| High Potassium >5 | Hyperkalemia |
| Low Calcium <8.5 | Hypocalcemia |
| High Calcium >10.5 | Hypercalcemia |
| Low Magnesium <1.7 | Hypomagnesemia |
| High Magnesium >2.6 | Hypermagnesemia |
| Decrease B/P when changing positions | Postural Hypotension |
| Hypotonic solution | .5% Normal Saline (NS) |
| Isotonic Solution | 0.9% Normal Saline (NS), Lactated Ringers (LR) |
| which assessment findings is most important to report to the provider for a client with a serum sodium 147 mEq/L? | Urine output drop from 80 cc/hr to 45cc/hr |
| Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate for to delegate to a UAP for a client with a serum sodium of 148 mEq/L? | Provide oral hygiene every 2 hours |
| With Hyponatremia when does a seizure/ coma become more of a risk? | <120 |
| Hypertonic Solution | 3% NaCl |
| what is a loop diuretic medication? | K+ wasting medication |
| Spironolactone is | K+ sparing |
| What will happen if you IV push K+? | Kill the Patient |
| Which assessment best indicates adequate rehydration? | Urine output of 100mL/hr |
| 2 major organs that help with fluid balance? | Heart and Kidney |
| 1oz = | 30cc |
| 4oz= | 120cc |
| 6oz= | 180cc |
| 1+ pitting edema= | 2mm |
| 2+ pitting edema= | 4mm |
| 3+ pitting edema= | 6mm |
| 4+ pitting edema= | 8mm |
Created by:
Ariana25!
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