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Unit 2 Study Guide

TermDefinition
Nucleus Stores the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and directs all cell activities; found only in eukaryotes.
Chloroplast The site of photosynthesis; not found in animal cells.
Mitochondria The site of cellular respiration; makes ATP for the cell; found in all eukaryotes.
Rough ER An organelle studded with ribosomes capable of making and modifying proteins.
Smooth ER This ER is not covered with ribosomes and is responsible for lipid synthesis.
Cytoplasm The jelly-like substance that houses all intracellular structures; found in all cells.
Ribosomes A structure found in all cells that makes proteins.
Cell membrane A semi-permeable structure that controls what can enter or leave the cell; found in all cells; also called the plasma membrane.
Golgi An organelle that will receive, sort, process, and export cellular materials.
Lysosomes Small organelles filled with digestive enzymes to break down waste and worn-out cell parts; found only in animal cells.
Vacuole An organelle used for the storage of cellular materials such as water, food, and waste; both plant and animal cells have vacuoles, but only plants have a large central vacuole.
Cytoskeleton A cellular support system made of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.
Centrioles A paired structure made of microtubules that aids in cell division; found only in animal cells.
Nucleolus A dark spot in the nucleus where ribosomes are made.
Nuclear membrane The membrane surrounding the nucleus; also known as the nuclear envelope.
Nuclear pores Small holes found in the nuclear membrane that allow substances to leave the nucleus.
Cell wall A rigid structure that provides support and structure to a cell; not found in animal cells.
Microfilaments The smallest component of the cytoskeleton; aids in cellular support; made of a protein called actin.
Microtubules The largest component of the cytoskeleton; allows for cell movement, intracellular transport, and aids in cell division; made of a protein called tubulin.
Created by: syeduvaka
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