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M6 10-10 Endocrine
Mary K's Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Endo- | Within |
| Exo- | Outside |
| Hyper- | increased/above |
| Para- | A disease or condition characterized by an UNDER SECRETION of thyroid hormones. |
| Cretinism | dwarfism caused by HYPOsecretion of the thyroid gland. |
| Cushing's Syndrome | condition caused by the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex. |
| Diabetes Insipidus | HYPOSECRETION of ADH in which large volumes of urine are formed. |
| Endocrine | Secreting into the blood or tissue fluid. |
| Exocrine | Secreting into a duct. |
| Exophthalmos | abnormal protusion of the eyes. |
| Gigantism | Hypersecretion of growth hormone during the early years of life. = GIGANTIC KIDS!!! |
| Glucocorticoids | Hormones that influence carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; secreted by the adrenal cortex. |
| Gluconeogenesis | Formulation of glucose or glycogen from protein or fat compounds. |
| Goiter | Enlargement of the thyroid gland. |
| Hirsutism | Excessive hair growth, especially in women. |
| Hormone | Substance secreted by an endocrine gland and transported in the blood. |
| Mineralocorticoids | Hormone that influences mineral salt metabolism. Secreted by adrenal cortex; aldosterone is the chief mineralocorticoid. |
| Myxedema | Condition caused by deficiency of thyroid hormone in adults. |
| Parathyroid Glands | Set of glands located on the surface of the thyroid gland. |
| Prostaglandins | group of naturally occuring fatty acids that affect many body functions. |
| Target Cells | Organ or cell acted on by a particular hormone and reponding to it. |
| Virilism | MASCULINIZATION of a female. YARRR!!!! |
| _________ perform general functions of communication and control but a slower long lasting type of control than that provided by nerve impulses. | Hormones |
| What are the cells acted on by hormones called?` | TARGET CELLS |
| Organs containing target cells are called? | Target Organs |
| Hormone secretion is controlled by? | Homeostatic feedback |
| Prostaglandins (PGs) | Powerful substances found in a wide variety of body tissues. |
| PGs are often produced in a _____. | TISSUE |
| PGs duffuse only a _____distance to act on cells in that tissue. | SHORT |
| PGs influence many body functions including: | 1. Respiration 2. Blood Pressure 3. Gastrointestinal Secretions 4. Reproduction |
| TSH is the abbreviation for? | Thyroid-stimulating hormone |
| ACTH is? | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
| FSH stands for? | Follicle-Stimulating Hormone |
| GH is? | Growth Hormone |
| Prolactin | Lactogenic hormone....MILK! |
| TSH stimulates growth of the? | Thyroid gland and ALSO stimulates it to secrete thyroid hormone. |
| ACTH stimulates? | growth of the adrenal cortex and stimulates it to secrete glucocorticoids. |
| FSH initiates growth of____. | Ovarian follicles each moth in the ovary and stimulates one or more follicles to develop to the stage of maturity and ovulation. |
| LH acts with____to stimulate estrogen secretion by developing follicles. | FSH |
| Sperm Production in the male is stimulated by___. | FSH |
| Posterior Pituitary Gland AKA | Neurohpypophysis |
| Anterior Pituitary Gland AKA | Adenohypophysis |
| ADH is responsible for? | Accelertaing water reabsorption from urine in the kidney tubules into the blood, thereby decreasing urine secretion. |
| Oxytocin | *STIMULATES the pregnant uterus to contract. **MAY initiate labor. ***Causes glandular cells of the breast to release milk into ducts. |
| Where is ADH and Oxytocin produced?? | Hypothalmus |
| After production in the hypothalmus hormones pass along_____ into the pituitary gland. | AXONS |
| What is the most EPIC word I've learned from SPC Ancona? This is TESTABLE (unless you own a 30 sided dice and induce suicidal thoughts everytime you speak what?) | AHHHH!!! I'll never tell!!! |
| True or False? The placenta functions as a temporary endocrine gland. | TRUE :)!!!! |
| What are the three hormones that are excreted from the adrenal cortex | 1. Glucocorticoids - GCs 2. Mineralocorticoids - MCs 3. Sex Hormones |
| How many layers are there in the adrenal cortex? | 3 |
| What does the OUTER layer of the adrenal cortex secrete? | MCs |
| The MIDDLE layer of the adrenal cortex secretes what? | GCs |
| The INNER layer of the adrenal cortex secretes....??? | SEX Hormones (giggity!) |
| Why do mineralocorticoids increase sodium and decrease body potassium concentrations? | MCs accelerate kidney tubule reabsorption of sodium and excrete potassium. |
| GCs help maintain normal blood glucose how? | GCs increse glucogenesis which is the formation of "new" glucose from amino acids produced by the breakdown of proteins. |
| True or False GCs play an essential part in maintaining normal blood pressure. | TRUE!!! |
| GCs make it possible for Epinephrine and Norepinephrine maintain a normal degree of vasoconstriction which helps stabilize______. | Blood pressure |
| GCs act with Epinephrine and Norepinephrine to produce an _______effect. To bring about normal recovery from infalmmations of various kinds. | ANTI-Inflamatory |
| What do GCs produce to bring about a decreazse in the number of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Which...decreases the amount of antibodies formed??? | Anti-Immunity and Anti-Allergy Effect |
| GCs are released quickly when the body is thrown into a condition of______. | Stress |
| Adrenal Medulla produces 2 hormones, they are... | Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
| Name the 2 hormones in the Pancreatic Islets | Glucagon and Insulin |
| What are the 2 structures of the ovaries? | 1. Ovarian Follicles 2. Corpus Luteum |
| Where is testosterone created? | In the interstitial cells of the testes!! |
| The effects of testosterone are?? | 1. Maturation of external genetals 2. Beard growth 3. Voice changes at puberty 4. Development of musculature and body contours typical of the male. |
| Thymosin | The hormone made in the THYMUS |
| Thymosin is important because... | It plays an important role in the development and function of the body's immune system. |
| 3 HORMONES associated with the Placenta are?? | Chorionic Gonadotropins, Estrogens, and Progesterone. |
| Pineal Gland | A small gland near the roof of the 3rd Ventricle of the brain. |
| What happens to the pineal gland as we age? | Becomes fibrous and calcified |
| Why is the pineal gland called the "third eye" ?? | It has influence of the secretory activity related to the amount of light entering the eyes. |
| The Pineal Gland secretes... | Melatonin |
| Melatonin inhibits what? | Ovarian activity |
| Melatonin regulates the body's internal....? | Clock! |
| The stomach lining produces?? | Ghrelin |
| What does Ghrelin do? | Affects appetite and metabolism |
| ANH is... | Atrial Natriuretic Hormone which stimulates sodium loss from the kidneys. |
| Fat storing cells secrete____. | Leptin - which controls how full or hungry we feel. |
| Two major classes of hormones are: | 1. Steroid Hormones 2. Non-Steroid Hormones |
| Corticoids – | are hormones secreted by the three cell layers of the adrenal cortex. |
| Cushing’s syndrome – is a condition caused by the hyper-secretion of? | glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex. |
| Exophthalmos – | Abnormal protrusion of the eyes |
| Glucogenesis – | is the formulation of glucose or glycogen from protein or fat compounds. |
| Hirsutism – | is an excess growth of hair, especially in women. |
| Myxedema – | is a condition caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormone in adults. |
| 2 systems are responsible for regulating homeostasis and various body functions: | Endocrine and Nervous System |
| Corticoids – | are hormones secreted by the three cell layers of the adrenal cortex. |
| Cushing’s syndrome – is a condition caused by the hyper-secretion of? | glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex. |
| Exophthalmos – | Abnormal protrusion of the eyes |
| Glucogenesis – | is the formulation of glucose or glycogen from protein or fat compounds. |
| Hirsutism – | is an excess growth of hair, especially in women. |
| Myxedema – | is a condition caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormone in adults. |
| 2 systems are responsible for regulating homeostasis and various body functions: | Endocrine and Nervous System |
| Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Glands Adrenal Glands Pancreas | 5 Endocrine Glands |
| Endocrine Glands play vital roles in: | Regulate Metabolic Processes Reproduction Development Growth |
| Hormones are | steroids, amines, peptides, proteins, or glycoproteins. |
| Lipid soluble & pass through cell membrane. Receptors are located in the target cell’s nucleus. The hormone-receptor | Steroid Hormones: |
| Examples of Steroid Hormones are: | Estrogen Testosterone Aldosterone Cortisol |
| Non-Steroidal Hormones | Binds to target cells’ membrane & activates the G-protein. |
| Prostaglandins do great stuffs like.... | Relax smooth muscle. Contract smooth muscle. Influence blood pressure. Influence inflammation. |
| Mommy where do Tropic Hormones come from???? | Tropic hormones from hypothalamus control secretions. |
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