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Bio 162 Chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three types of muscle tissue? | Cardiac, Skeletal, and Smooth |
| What are a few functions of muscle tissue? | Movement, breathing, speaking, and facial expressions |
| Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary? | Voluntary |
| What 4 characteristics do all muscle tissue share? | Excitability, contractability, extensibility, and elasticity |
| Describe the anatomy of a tendon | Muscle fibers are grouped into fasicles fasicles, nerves, and blood vessels are grouped by fascia Fascia connects to connective tissue |
| What is a motor unit? | a single motor neuron and the muscle cells it controls |
| Why aren't all motor units active at the same time? | Allows muscles to modulate the strength of a contraction Protects from fatigue |
| What is Recruitment? | the activation of additional motor units to increase muscle strength and force of contractions |
| What is cyclic activation and deactivation? | Units resting and recovering while others stay active |
| What is fatigue | not being able to sustain an expected force from a muscle |
| What are the two types of fatigue and their causes? | Central: cause by the CNS and psychological mechanisms Peripheral: caused by problems with the neuromuscular junction or the muscle cell |
| What are the three types of muscle contractions? | Isometric, Concentric, and Eccentric |
| Describe an Isometric contraction | Muscle contracts but remains the same length Force produced by the muscle is equal to the force in hand |
| Describe a Concentric contraction | Muscle contracts and shortens Force produced by the muscle is bigger than the force in hand |
| Describe an Eccentric contraction | Muscle contracts and lengthens Force produced by the muscle is less than the force in hand |
| What is an Antagonistic pair? | A pair of muscles that perform movement in joints |
| What is the Agonist? | Muscle performing the action |
| What is the Antagonist? | Muscle that can oppose the action |
| What is Flexion? | A decrease in angle between body parts |
| What is Extension? | An increase in angle between body parts |
| What is Abduction? | Movement away from the midline |
| What is Adduction? | Movement toward the midline |