What are the three main phases of an action potential?

Depolarization (Na⁺ rushes in), repolarization (K⁺ moves out), and hyperpolarization (membrane becomes slightly more negative than resting).

What is the “all-or-none” principle?

Once a neuron reaches threshold, it fires a full action potential; if threshold isn’t reached, no impulse occurs.

What type of ion channel opens when a neurotransmitter binds to its receptor?

A ligand-gated (ionotropic) channel.

What causes saltatory conduction, and why is it faster?

Myelin sheaths insulate the axon so impulses jump between nodes of Ranvier, greatly speeding conduction.

Which neurotransmitter class includes acetylcholine?

Acetylcholine is in its own class — it’s neither an amine nor an amino acid neurotransmitter.

Which neurotransmitters inhibit pain transmission?

Enkephalins and endorphins reduce the conduction of pain impulses in the CNS.

How does the sodium-potassium pump maintain resting potential?

It actively transports 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ into the neuron, keeping the inside negative relative to the outside.

What happens during the absolute refractory period?

The neuron cannot fire another action potential because sodium channels are inactive.

What’s the difference between spatial and temporal summation?

Spatial = several neurons firing simultaneously; temporal = one neuron firing rapidly in succession.

Why is understanding ion movement important for nurses?

Many drugs (like local anesthetics and antiepileptics) work by blocking sodium channels, altering nerve signaling and patient sensation.

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Physiology 1

Study Stack 1

Question	Answer
What are the three main phases of an action potential?	Depolarization (Na⁺ rushes in), repolarization (K⁺ moves out), and hyperpolarization (membrane becomes slightly more negative than resting).
What is the “all-or-none” principle?	Once a neuron reaches threshold, it fires a full action potential; if threshold isn’t reached, no impulse occurs.
What type of ion channel opens when a neurotransmitter binds to its receptor?	A ligand-gated (ionotropic) channel.
What causes saltatory conduction, and why is it faster?	Myelin sheaths insulate the axon so impulses jump between nodes of Ranvier, greatly speeding conduction.
Which neurotransmitter class includes acetylcholine?	Acetylcholine is in its own class — it’s neither an amine nor an amino acid neurotransmitter.
Which neurotransmitters inhibit pain transmission?	Enkephalins and endorphins reduce the conduction of pain impulses in the CNS.
How does the sodium-potassium pump maintain resting potential?	It actively transports 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ into the neuron, keeping the inside negative relative to the outside.
What happens during the absolute refractory period?	The neuron cannot fire another action potential because sodium channels are inactive.
What’s the difference between spatial and temporal summation?	Spatial = several neurons firing simultaneously; temporal = one neuron firing rapidly in succession.
Why is understanding ion movement important for nurses?	Many drugs (like local anesthetics and antiepileptics) work by blocking sodium channels, altering nerve signaling and patient sensation.

Created by: user-1992877

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