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Vocab 3 Bio

Vocab

TermDefinition
Nucleic Acid Large biomolecules (DNA or RNA) that store genetic information.
Nucleotide The building block of nucleic acids, made of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.
Chromosome A threadlike structure of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information.
Chromatin Loose, uncoiled DNA and protein found in the nucleus before cell division.
Gene A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or function.
Cell Cycle The series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides.
Replication The process of copying DNA before cell division.
Sister Chromatids Identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere, formed during DNA replication.
Centromere The region where two sister chromatids are joined and where spindle fibers attach during mitosis.
Telomere Protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that prevent damage and shortening.
Mitosis A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
Prophase The first stage of mitosis: chromosomes condense, spindle forms, and nuclear envelope breaks down.
Metaphase The stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the cell’s equator.
Anaphase The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase The stage of mitosis where nuclear envelopes re-form around chromosomes at each pole.
Cytokinesis The final stage of cell division where the cytoplasm divides and two new cells are formed.
Differentiation The process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function.
Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells that can develop into many different cell types.
Cancer A disease where cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues.
Metastasize When cancer cells spread from the original tumor to other parts of the body.
Carcinogens Substances that can cause cancer by damaging DNA or interfering with cell function.
Created by: EJ G
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