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BIO II: Exam 3
Practice Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where do light reactions occur? | In the thylakoid membrane |
| If a molecule loses H, it is said to be | Oxidized |
| What are the reactants of photosynthesis? | 1) Water 2) Light 3) CO2 |
| What is NOT a reactant of photosynthesis | Oxygen |
| What is the role of the Calvin Cycle? | Converting CO2 and chemical energy into sugar |
| How many molecules of Carbon Dioxide do two molecules of glucose produce? | 12 |
| Carbon is more oxidized in what? A) Carbon Dioxide B) Glucose C) O2 D) Both A&C | A) Carbon Dioxide |
| Carbon is more reduced in A) Carbon dioxide B) Glucose C) O2 D) Both A and B | B) Glucose |
| Where does the Calvin Cycle take place in? | Stroma |
| Why does Chlorophyll donate electrons to NADP+? | NADP+ needs its energy replenished after coming back from the Calvin Cycle |
| Which is a product of photosynthesis? A) CO2 B) Glucose C) Oxygen D) Both B and C | D) Both B and C |
| Which occurs first? A) Photosystem I B) Photosystem II C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B | B) Photosystem II |
| Light Reactions produce _____ and _____ to be used in the Calvin Cycle | ATP and NADPH |
| The Calvin Cycle produces _____ and _____ to be used in Light Reactions | ADP and NADP |
| What is the role of ATP-synthase? | To continuously convert ADP to ATP |
| How does ATP-synthase convert ADP to ATP? | H+ ions flow across passively creating a concentration gradient as H+ ions flow from high to low concentration |
| A student observes that the water is flowing across a semi-permeable membrane from right to left. What does that mean about the concentration of solute on each side? | The solute concentration is higher on the left |
| If osmotic flow is currently from right to left and we add more red balls (they're big in size) to the left side of the tank, what will happen? | Water will flow faster to the left through the semi-permeable membrane |
| How does water moves through plants? | - Water moves faster through xylem when the stomata are open - A plant given unlimited access to water will transpire more in Arizona (hot/dry) than in Athens (hot/humid) |
| Which is TRUE regarding vascular tissues in plants? | - Negative pressure forces water up through xylem "tubes" much faster when stomata are open - Phloem moves sugar from the leaves to places like roots or fruits - Osmosis moves water through phloem from low to high concentrations of dissolved molecules |
| What is FALSE regarding vascular tissues in plants and why? | - Xylem moves water from the leaves to the roots on very humid days since water vapor can flow into stomata for use in photosynthesis FALSE bc on very humid days, water actually moves from roots to leaves due to transpiration |
| If you planted a handful of basil seeds in a pot where phosphorus (not light) was the limiting resource, those basil plants are likely to allocate most of their resources into their _________. | Roots |
| Hydrogen bonds are vital for water to be able to move through xylem because _____________________. | The interactions between the partial charges of water molecules allow for capillary action to draw water up. |
| Which of these is NOT a change in the climate of the Sonoran Desert that we expect over the next century? | The frequency of floods will decrease |
| What is TRUE if stomata are always open? | The plant must always have access to enough water |
| What would happen if the stomata stayed closed for a week? | - Photosynthetic rate would fall - Gas exchange rates would be zero - The amount of water inside the plant would stay high |
| When the intercellular space of a plant is more dilute (in terms of solute) than the intracellular fluids, water will flow _________ due to osmosis, producing __________ cells. | into : turgid |
| After a large rain event, both Porsches and Priuses do better than they would in a small rain event, but what describes the competitive outcome? | Porsches will do better because they grow faster than the Priuses, and can gain the competitive advantage |
| If molecules are going INTO a cell, what is TRUE? | - Stomata are open - The concentration of SOLVENT molecules is higher OUTSIDE the cells - SOLUTE concentration is higher INSIDE the cell |
| With climate change, we expect a few different changes to happen to precipitation in the Sonoran Desert. Match the change to the kind of winter annual that would most benefit (or lose least) from that change. | - Sonoran desert will receive less rain overall --> (Prius) High WUE / Low RGR - Rain will fall more as large, intense rain events, instead of small ones --> (Porsche) High RGR / Low WUE |
| What does it mean if a plant is not losing a lot of water? | - the plant has fewer, smaller leaves (reduced SA means less water can be evaporated) - the environment may be humid (NOT dry) - Cooler temp. |
| The potential energy from the electron that is excited in Photosystem II is (directly) used to do which of the following in the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)? | Pump H+ ions into the Lumen |
| In PS1, light energy is being transferred to chemical potential energy as an excited electron in chlorophyll is transferred to NADP+. In this way NADP+ is __________ chlorophyll. | Oxidizing |
| Order the Carbon bonds based on the distance shared electrons are from a nucleus (potential energy) from low to high | 1) C-O Covalent Bond 2) C-C Covalent Bond 3) C-H Covalent Bond |
| Which molecule would a carbon have the HIGHEST potential energy? | A carbon that is attached to the most Hydrogens (ex: CH4) |
| Describe a system using active transport | Neurotransmitter molecules floating around in the synapse (space) between neurons are moved into vesicles (storage organelles) packed full of neurotransmitters to be used again later |
| True or False: If the sun stops shining and chlorophyll molecules stop getting hit with photons, no ATP will be made | True: The H+ gradient is established using the energy from chlorophyll's excited electrons flowing through in the ETC |
| Scientists have developed a new herbicide that is made of an enzyme that slices holes in the thylakoid membranes of plants. What is the most likely impact this would have on plants? | ATP would not be generated by ATP-synthase |
| What happens to ATP and ADP in photosynthesis? | ADP gains energy as it turns into ATP in the light reactions with energy from sunlight and the ATP gets oxidized in the Calvin cycle, releasing energy to fix carbon |
| Where in a plant do you find the light reactions? | - Chloroplast - Thylakoid membrane |
| When a plant runs out of water due to a prolonged drought, what would be a consequence? | - O2 gas would stop being produced - Guard cells would lose turgor pressure - Chlorophyll would stay in its oxidized form - Sugar would stop being produced |
| When a plant runs out of water due to a prolonged drought, what would NOT be a consequence? | - Stomata would remain open - The ETC would continue to transport protons (H+ ions) |
| How many NADP+ are generated by the Calvin Cycle? | 12 |
| How many "turns" of the Calvin Cycle does it take to make a glucose? | 6 |
| How many CO2 molecules does it take to make a single glucose molecule? | 6 |
| How many ATP does it take to make a glucose? | 18 |
| How many O2 molecules are produced by the Calvin Cycle? | 0 |
| How many G3Ps drop out of the Calvin Cycle every 3 turns? | 1 |
| Many aquatic plants float on top of the water with their stomata on the tops. On which of the following days will an aquatic plant like a water lily lose the least amount of water through transpiration? | a humid day |
| The increased biodiversity of the Sonoran Desert is a product of the presence of both High RGR and High WUE species. What is the reason we find both types of plants and not just one or the other? | Different species take advantage of different kinds of rain storms that happen irregularly. |
| With climate change, we expect precipitation to become more infrequent and more intense. Which type of winter annual is most likely to benefit from these changes? | High RGR |
| With climate change, we expect the Sonoran desert to receive less precipitation overall. Which type of winter annual will this change benefit (which one will be less negatively impacted)? | High WUE |
| What are TRUE statements about photorespiration? | - It is more likely to happen during a drought. - It consumes more oxygen than regular photosynthesis - C4 photosynthesis reduces photorespiration rates, but does not save water |
| What is true about chlorophyll when it becomes chlorophyll+? | - the ETC proteins are the oxidizing agents - chlorophyll is oxidized |
| What kind of transport is happening in the ETC with the movement of H+ ions into the lumen? | Active |
| What molecule in photosynthesis is the reducing agent? | H2O |
| Where did all the H+ ions in the lumen come from? (2 ways) | 1) H+ ions released with the oxidation of water in PSII 2) H+ ions pumped into the lumen by the ETC |
| What 2 molecules get reduced in PSI? | 1) NADP+ 2) Chlorophyll + |
| Which molecule has more energy (is in it's reduced form), ATP or ADP? | ATP |
| Why can't you be high in both RGR and WUE? | Because leaves are needed for fast growth, but they increase water loss |
| In a biodiverse ecosystem (think rainforest), do we usually find more generalists or specialists? (Specialist or Generalist?) | Specialist |
| Which is better able to deal with ecosystem variability? (Specialist or Generalist?) | Generalist |
| Which has a higher risk of extinction? (Specialist or Generalist?) | Specialist |
| What kind of niche partitioning contributes to the diversity of Sonoran Winter Annuals? | Temporal Niche Partitioning |
Created by:
emily.zegarra
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