Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Campbell Chapter 6
Campbell Biology Chapter 6 12th edition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Fractionation | Technique that separates cell parts by size and density using centrifugation. |
| Differential Centrifugation | Repeated spinning of cell contents to isolate organelles by size. |
| Prokaryotic Cell | A small, simple cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. |
| Eukaryotic Cell | A larger, complex cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. |
| Plasma Membrane | Semi-permeable barrier made of a phospholipid bilayer that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. |
| Cytosol | Jelly-like fluid inside cells in which organelles are suspended. |
| Nucleus | Organelle that stores DNA and controls cell activities. |
| Nuclear Envelope | Double membrane surrounding the nucleus with pores for material exchange. |
| Nucleolus | Dense region in the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is made. |
| Chromatin | Complex of DNA and proteins that condenses to form chromosomes during cell division. |
| Ribosome | Site of protein synthesis; made of rRNA and proteins. |
| Free Ribosome | Ribosomes floating in cytosol that make proteins for use inside the cell. |
| Bound Ribosome | Ribosomes attached to the ER that make proteins for membranes or export. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | Network of membranes for protein and lipid synthesis; continuous with the nuclear envelope. |
| Smooth ER | Lacks ribosomes; synthesizes lipids, detoxifies drugs, and stores calcium ions. |
| Rough ER | Covered in ribosomes; makes proteins for secretion or membranes. |
| Golgi Apparatus | Modifies, sorts, and ships proteins; the cell’s “post office.” |
| Cis Face (Golgi) | Receiving side of the Golgi apparatus that faces the ER. |
| Trans Face (Golgi) | Shipping side of the Golgi apparatus that sends materials to destinations. |
| Lysosome | Organelle containing digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules and damaged cell parts. |
| Phagocytosis | Process where a cell engulfs food or particles (“cell eating”). |
| Autophagy | Process of recycling the cell’s own organelles and components. |
| Vacuole | Large vesicle that stores materials and helps maintain cell pressure and balance. |
| Central Vacuole | Large vacuole in plant cells that stores water, ions, and helps maintain turgor pressure. |
| Endomembrane System | Network of organelles (ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vesicles) that work together in synthesis and transport. |
| Mitochondrion | Organelle that converts food energy into ATP through cellular respiration. |
| Chloroplast | Organelle in plants and algae that converts sunlight into chemical energy via photosynthesis. |
| Thylakoid | Flattened sac in chloroplast where light-dependent reactions occur. |
| Stroma | Fluid inside chloroplast surrounding the thylakoids. |
| Endosymbiont Theory | States mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from engulfed prokaryotic cells. |
| Cytoskeleton | Network of fibers that maintains cell shape, supports the cell, and aids in movement. |
| Microtubules | Hollow tubes made of tubulin that guide chromosome movement and form cilia and flagella. |
| Microfilaments | Thin actin filaments that support the cell’s shape and allow movement. |
| Intermediate Filaments | Fibrous proteins that provide structural stability and anchor organelles. |
| Cell Wall | Rigid outer layer in plant cells made of cellulose for support and protection. |
| Extracellular Matrix (ECM) | Network of proteins and carbohydrates outside animal cells that provides support and communication. |
| Tight Junctions | Seals cells together to prevent leakage between them. |
| Desmosomes | Anchoring junctions that hold cells together like rivets. |
| Gap Junctions | Channels that allow ions and small molecules to pass directly between cells. |
| Plasmodesmata | Channels through plant cell walls that allow material exchange between adjacent cells. |
| Cytoplasm | Entire region between nucleus and plasma membrane containing organelles. |
| Cell Fractionation Purpose | To study individual organelles’ functions in isolation. |
| Function of Smooth ER in Liver | Detoxifies drugs by adding hydroxyl groups, making them more water-soluble. |
| Function of Rough ER in Pancreas Cells | Produces and exports digestive enzymes. |
| Function of Golgi Apparatus in Plant Cells | Makes polysaccharides like pectin for cell wall construction. |
| Function of Lysosomes in Macrophages | Break down bacteria or other invaders engulfed by the cell. |
| Main Role of Mitochondria | Generates ATP by breaking down food molecules using oxygen. |
| Main Role of Chloroplasts | Converts light energy into sugars through photosynthesis. |
| Function of Cytoskeleton in Muscle Cells | Actin filaments interact with myosin for contraction. |
Created by:
trumoo312
Popular Biology sets