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Bacteria + Archaea
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (T/F) prokaryotes are smaller then eukaryotes | true |
| 3 most common bacteria shapes | spherical, rod-shaped + spiral |
| What components of the cell do all prokaryotes have? (5) | Nucleoid, ribosomes, plasma membrane, cell wall, 1 chromosome of DNA |
| prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells | eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles prokaryotes do not; they are smaller + simpler |
| How do prokaryotes exist in populations of immense size? | small size + rapid reproduction = big population w/ many mutations/variations, rapid evolution = many adaptations + being able to live in a wide range of enviroments |
| What are the 4 major modes of nutrition? | Photoautotroph, Chemoautotroph, Photoheterotroph , Chemoheterotroph |
| Photoautotroph (list energy/carbon source) | Energy source: light Carbon source: inorganic compounds (ex. CO2, HCO3, etc) ex. phtosynthetic prokaryotes (cyanobacteria)+ certain protists (algae) |
| Chemoautotroph (list energy/carbon source) | Energy source: inorganic chemicals (ex. NH3, etc) Carbon source: inorganic compounds (ex. CO2, HCO3, etc) ex. certain prokaryotes |
| Photoheterotroph (list energy/carbon source) | Energy source: light Carbon source: organic compounds (ex. proteins, lipids, carbs) ex. unique to aquatic/salt loving prokaryotes |
| Chemoheterotroph (list energy/carbon source) | Energy source: organic compounds Carbon source: organic compounds (ex. proteins, lipids, carbs) ex. many prokaryotes, protists, fungi, animals |
| What nutritional modes do prokaryotes exhibit? | all 4! |
| Which organisms are capable of nitrogen fixation? | Bacteria + archaea are both capable. This means they can turn N2 in the atmosphere into NH3 and other compounds that plants + other organisms can use |
| How do prokaryotes vary with their requirements for oxygen? (list the 2 types of bacteria) | Aerobic: (most common) need O2 Anaerobic: do not need O2 Anaerobic subtypes: Facultative (can use O2) Obligate (O2 is toxic to them) |
| 2 examples of metabolic cooperation between prokaryotes | the nitrogen cycle, bacteria in an animals gut (bacteria help break down food + release it as something the host can use, while the bacteria take the biproducts they need for an energy source. both benefit) |
| What features make organisms in domain Archaea unique? (3) | no peptidoglycan in cell walls + can survive in extreme enviroments + theres histones assciated with DNA where as bacteria can/does not. |
| What roles do bacteria play in the biosphere? | decomposers, food for other species, mutualistic symbiosis (ex. bacteria in animal intestines to help w/ digestion), nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, disease |
| How does bacteria affect humans? | they can cause many bacterial diseases |
| Endopore difinition | A resistant cell that can enable bacterium to survive harsh conditions |
| How do bacteria reproduce? | Through binary fission: chromosome replicates, the plasma membrane grows inward, and a new cell wall is deposited, and you get 2 daughter cells as a result |
| (T/F) Archaea have peptidoglycan-free cell walls and bacteria peptidoglycan cell walls | true |
| What domain has their growth inhibited by antibotics? | Bacteria |
| Metabolic cooperation definition | the exchange of molecules between cells for nutrition + mutual benefit |
Created by:
every_august
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