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Mitotic cycle

Chromosomes, Dna Replication, Cancer and tumuors

TermDefinition
Chromosome structure? Long, condensed thread-like DNA molecule consisting of sister chromatids made of chromatin joined by a centromere. Chromatin - DNA wrapped around histone proteins
Telomere's role and structure Has non- coding DNA with repeated nucleotide sequences. Role: prevents loss of genes from ends of chromosome
Telomerase Ensure DNA is not lost by adding base pairs on the end. Length determines life span - active in stem cells only
Stem cells Undifferentiated cell capable of continual division by mitosis to produce more stem cells/cells that can differentiate; contain telomerase - self renewal
Prophase Chromatin condenses into sister chromatids, nucleolus disappear, nuclear envelope disappears, spindle fibres form
Metaphase Chromosomes align at Metaphase plate, centromere reach opposite poles, spindle fibres attach to centromere/kinetochore.
Anaphase Centromere divides, chromatids are pulled to poles and split at centromere, spindles shorten
Telophase Chromatids decondense and reach poles, nuclear envelopes & nucleolus reforms, spindle disassembles. Cytokinesis starts.
Potency Stem cell divides to produce a cell that has potential to be a stem cell or differentiate to become specialized cell
Totipotent, Pluripotent, Multipotent T: Stem cell can differentiate embryonic + extra-embryonic cell(placenta). P: Only embryonic(body) cells, M: Adult stem cells form specific cell types
How is Cancer caused? Cancer cells uncontrollably divide(mitosis) to form tumour. Short interphase, little growth, cycle checkpoints are not controlled.
Carcinogens Any agent cancer-causing (mutation) - Uv light, HIV virus, Free radicals, tar, obesity and Tabacco smoking.
Created by: user-1992837
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