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Earth Science 5E

vocab

TermDefinition
Orbit the curved path an object takes as it moves around a star, planet, or moon due to gravity.
Revolution one complete trip around another object (example: Earth → 1 year around the Sun).
Rotation when an object spins on its axis (example: Earth → 24 hours).
Orbital Period the amount of time it takes for one full revolution around a star or planet.
Axis the imaginary line a planet rotates around.
Eccentricity how “oval” an orbit is; 0 = perfect circle, 1 = straight line.
Elliptical Orbit an oval-shaped orbit (most planets have this).
Perihelion the point in a planet’s orbit closest to the Sun 🌞
Aphelion the point in a planet’s orbit farthest from the Sun 🌌
Inertia the tendency of an object to keep moving in a straight line unless acted on by a force.
Gravity the force that pulls objects toward one another (keeps planets orbiting the Sun).
Kepler’s First Law (Law of Ellipses) planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun being one foci
Kepler’s Second Law (Law of Equal Areas) planets move faster when closer to the Sun, slower when farther away.
Kepler’s Third Law (Law of Periods) the farther a planet is from the Sun, the longer its year.
Terrestrial Planets small, rocky planets near the Sun (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars).
Jovian Planets large, gaseous planets far from the Sun (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune).
Asteroid Belt region between Mars and Jupiter filled with rocky objects.
Comet icy object that orbits the Sun; forms a glowing tail when near it.
Dwarf Planet celestial body that orbits the Sun but hasn’t cleared its orbit of other objects (ex: Pluto).
Meteor a meteoroid burning up in Earth’s atmosphere (“shooting star”).
Meteorite a meteor that survives and lands on Earth.
Transit Method detecting exoplanets by measuring dimming of a star’s light as a planet passes in front of it.
Triangulation using angles from different positions to calculate distance or position of a planet.
Habitable Zone (Goldilocks Zone) area around a star where temperatures allow for liquid water.
Eccentricity formula distance between foci​ ÷ by length of major axis
Created by: user-1882880
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