A set of notes in order (up or down) that fit a pattern and start/end on a home note. Example: C–D–E–F–G–A–B–C.

A bright-sounding scale that follows the pattern W–W–H–W–W–W–H (W = whole step, H = half step). Example: C major: C–D–E–F–G–A–B–C.

The distance of two half steps; you skip one piano key in between. Example: C → D (there’s a black key between them).

The smallest distance between two notes—one piano key to the very next key. Example: E → F (no key in between), or C → C♯.

The “home” note of a key or scale; the note everything wants to resolve to. The starting and ending notes of a major scale. Example: In C major, the tonic is C.

The musical “home base” built on a tonic and its matching set of notes. It tells which notes sound normal/expected. Example: In the key of G major, G feels like home and F♯ is used.

The group of sharps or flats at the start of the staff that shows the key. Example: One sharp (F♯) = key of G major (or E minor).

A symbol (♯, ♭, ♮) written before a note that changes its pitch for that measure. Example: A ♯ raises A to A♯ until the bar line.

Two different names for the same pitch. Example: F♯ and G♭ sound the same but are spelled differently.

Notes that belong to the current key/scale (no outside/extra sharps or flats). Example: In C major, the diatonic notes are C D E F G A B (no sharps/flats).

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Term	Definition
Scale	A set of notes in order (up or down) that fit a pattern and start/end on a home note. Example: C–D–E–F–G–A–B–C.
Major Scale	A bright-sounding scale that follows the pattern W–W–H–W–W–W–H (W = whole step, H = half step). Example: C major: C–D–E–F–G–A–B–C.
Whole Step / Tone	The distance of two half steps; you skip one piano key in between. Example: C → D (there’s a black key between them).
Half Step / Semitone	The smallest distance between two notes—one piano key to the very next key. Example: E → F (no key in between), or C → C♯.
Tonic	The “home” note of a key or scale; the note everything wants to resolve to. The starting and ending notes of a major scale. Example: In C major, the tonic is C.
Key	The musical “home base” built on a tonic and its matching set of notes. It tells which notes sound normal/expected. Example: In the key of G major, G feels like home and F♯ is used.
Key Signature	The group of sharps or flats at the start of the staff that shows the key. Example: One sharp (F♯) = key of G major (or E minor).
Accidental	A symbol (♯, ♭, ♮) written before a note that changes its pitch for that measure. Example: A ♯ raises A to A♯ until the bar line.
Enharmonic	Two different names for the same pitch. Example: F♯ and G♭ sound the same but are spelled differently.
Diatonic	Notes that belong to the current key/scale (no outside/extra sharps or flats). Example: In C major, the diatonic notes are C D E F G A B (no sharps/flats).

Created by: user-1920818

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