Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biological molecules
Structure and properties of different biological molecules
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Maltose | a-glucose + a-glucose - reducing |
| Lactose | a-glucose + b-galactose - reducing |
| Sucrose | a - glucose + fructose - non reducing |
| What are the properties and structure of Cellulose? | Long, straight, unbranched polymer of 1,4 linked b-glucose with every 2nd molecule flipped to form strands. H bonds hold chains together forming parallel Microfibrils-> Macrofibrils. Uses: Durable, insoluble, strong, stabilized and slightly elastic-->Pre |
| Starch - structure? | Helix (Covalent and H bonds) Amylose - Compact spiral stabilized by H bonds Unbranched chains of 1000's of 1,4 linked a-glucose Amylopectin - shorter branched chains of 1.4 a-glucose and 1,6 links (branch 'ends' for enzymes) |
| Glycogen | Larger branched polymer of a-glucose(1,4 and 1,6 linkages), easily hydrolyzed due to lots of 'ends'. Uses: Energy reserve for respiration in Liver, Muscle fibers and bodily tissues except brain |
| Monosaccharides | Glucose, fructose, galactose, Deoxyribose(C6), ribose(C5), glyceraldehyde |
| Triglycerides | Structure: 3 Fatty acids (sat or unsat) + 1 Glycerol (3 ester bonds) Non-polar, hydrophobic molecule |
| Phospholipids | Hydrophilic(polar) phosphate head + 1 Glycerol + Hydrophobic(non-polar) 2 fatty acid tails (2 ester bonds) |
| Describe the formation of Triglycerides | Condensation reaction ->> Water + COO ester linkage between glycerol (OH) and 3 fatty acids (COOH) |
| Describe formation and functions of Phospholipids | Condensation reaction->> Water and 2 ester bonds Phospholipid Bilayer membrane - hydrophilic heads facing outwards and tails facing inwards |
| Properties of Triglycerides | Energy storage - more C-H compared to Carbs, more energy per unit mass. Metabolic water source, Buoyancy aid, Waterproofing (marine animals), Electrical insulation -myelin sheath, Low mass, Large and insoluble - don't affect water potentials and osmosis |
| Protein structure and examples | Amine grp + C- H and R grp + COOH e.g. collagen, haemoglobin, enzymes, antibodies, keratin, Transporter proteins |
| List the bonds in a polypeptide in order of increasing strength | Hydrophobic (non-polar R grps) interactions Hydrogen, Ionic (ionized amine and carboxylic acid grps) Covalent (disulfide and peptide) |
| Peptide bond | Strong covalent bond(C-N), formed from Condensation between 2 amino acids |
| Formation of polypeptide | Synthesized at Ribosome; Condensation reaction; Very strong, covalent Peptide linkages CONH = COOH + Nh2. Polypeptide -> Hydrolysis ->amino acids (Reverse condensation) |
| Cysteine and Glyceine | Cysteine R = Sulphur HS - CH2 - CHNH2 - COOH Glyceine R grp= H --> H2N - CH2 - COOH |
| Primary | Unfolded, specifically sequenced amino acid chain - peptide bonds only |
| Secondary | Folded polypeptide with either A -helix (H2 bonds between -NH and -CO) B-pleated sheet - straight looser, parallel flat sheets |
| Tertiary | Precise 3D folded polypeptide due to side chain interactions All 4 bonds e.g. Myoglobin with haem grp |
| Quaternary | E.g. Collagen and Haemoglobin - 2 a-chains and 2 b-chains 2 or more polypeptides All 4 bonds includes all levels of structure |
| Globular protein | Spherical, ball shape, Soluble (Most tertiary, some quaternary). e.g. All enzymes, antibodies, myoglobin, haemoglobin, some hormones |
| Fibrous protein | Long & Parallel strands, Insoluble (Most 2ndary + forms fibers) - Collagen, Keratin |
| Collagen | 3 polypeptide triple helix held by H bonds form a fibre. Parallel, staggered ends - High tensile strength |
| Haemoglobin | Properties - Highly soluble due to hydrophilic R grps facing outwards and hydrophobic R grps facing inwards Bind to oxygen - change shape to increase oxygen affinity + 4 haem Fe2+ ions to bind to 4 O2 molecules. |
| Water properties and why? | Excellent solvent- dipolar surrounds polar mols(transport of substances and metabolic reactions) High specific heat cap - stable environment temp High latent heat of vaporisation and fusion - cooling effect and protection from cold |
Created by:
user-1992837
Popular Biology sets