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Physiology

Weeks 1–6 Review 🧠💪🏽

QuestionAnswer
What are the two main types of bone tissue? Compact bone (dense and strong) and spongy bone (lightweight with trabeculae)
What cells are responsible for bone formation? Osteoblasts.
What are the major functions of the skeletal system? Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
What is homeostasis? The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
What is a negative feedback loop? A control mechanism that reverses a change to keep conditions stable (example: body temperature regulation).
What are the main components of a feedback system? Receptor (detects change), control center (analyzes information), and effector (restores balance).
What are the four major biomolecules essential for life? Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What is the function of enzymes? They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
Which biomolecule stores genetic information? Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
What organelle is known as the “powerhouse” of the cell? The mitochondria—it produces ATP through cellular respiration.
What is mitosis? The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells for growth and repair.
What happens during the cell’s G1 phase? The cell grows and carries out normal metabolic activities before DNA replication.
What are the four primary tissue types? Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
What are the main layers of the skin? Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
What is the function of melanin? It provides skin color and protects against UV radiation.
What connects bones at joints? Ligaments.
What ion is essential for muscle contraction? Calcium (Ca²⁺), which binds to troponin to enable cross-bridge formation.
Created by: NursejoshRN27!
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