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Chapters 3 & 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| weathering | the physical and chemical processes that change objects on Earth's surface over time |
| mechanical weathering | rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by physical processes; also called physical weathering |
| chemical weathering | chemical reactions change the materials that hold rocks together, forming new substances |
| erosion | the transport of weathered material from one location to another |
| deposition | the laying down or settling of eroded material |
| coastline | a boundary between land and the ocean that is constantly changing |
| dune | a mound of wind-deposited sand |
| river | a large, natural stream of water that flows into an ocean or other large body of water, such as a lake |
| mountain | a region of increased elevation on Earth’s surface that rises to a peak |
| glacier | a mass of gradually moving or flowing ice |
| delta | a deposit, formed by sediment, that accumulates at the mouth of a river |
| lake | a body of fresh or salt water that is surrounded by land |
| deforestation | the removal of large areas of forests for human purposes |
| urbanization | the development of land for houses and other buildings near a city |
| desertification | the development of desert-like conditions due to human activities and natural processes |
| pollution | the contamination of the environment with substances that are harmful to life |